HUMAN

REPRODUCTION
Sexual reproduction is the
process involving the fusion of
haploid nuclei to form a diploid
zygote and the production of
genetically dissimilar offspring
FERTILIZATION: THE JOINING OF THE NUCLEI OF
THE MALE GAMETE (SPERM) AND THE FEMALE
GAMETE (EGG)
OVULATION AND IMPLANTATION
PLACENTA
 BIRTH
• It begins when the strong muscles in the wall
of the uterus start to contract. This is called
labour.
• The wall of the cervix, gradually becomes wide
enough for the baby to be pushed through.
• The wall of the vagina can stretch to allow the
baby to be pushed through.
BIRTH
AFTERBIRTH THE PLACENTA FALLS AWAY
FROM THE WALL OF THE UTERUS, AND PASSES
OUT THROUGH THE VAGINA.
BREAST FEEDING VS. MILK
FORMULA
 ADVANTAGE OF BREAST MILK
VS. FORMULA
• Free!
MILK
• No need to use an equipment, which, unless
clean it´s easier for bacteria to get into the milk
and make the baby ill.
• Contains antibodies from the mother, which
helps the baby ti fight off infectious diseases.
• Close relationship to develop between mother
and baby.
The composition changes as it grows so that´s
exactly right for the different stages of
development.
 1 MONTH OF A BABY
By the end of the first month, the
fetus is about 1/4 inch long –
smaller than a grain of rice. Facial
features continue to develop. Each
ear begins as a little fold of skin at
the side of the head. Tiny buds
that eventually grow into arms and
legs are forming.
 2 MONTHS OF A BABY
The embryo begins to move,
although the mother cannot yet feel
it. By the end of the second month,
your baby, now a fetus, is about
2.54cm (1 inch) long, weighs about
9.45g (1/3 ounce), and a third of
baby is now made up of its head.
 3 MONTHS OF A BABY
By the end of the third month of
pregnancy, your baby is fully
formed. Your baby has arms,
hands, fingers, feet, and toes and
can open and close its fists and
mouth. Fingernails and toenails
are beginning to develop and the
external ears are formed. The
beginnings of teeth are forming.
 4 MONTHS OF A BABY
By the end of the fourth month, the
fetus is about 6 inches long and
weighs about 4 ounces. At this
stage, you may begin to feel the
fetus moving around. The fetus is
developing muscles and exercising
them. This first movement is called
quickening and can feel like a
flutter
 5 MONTHS OF A BABY
Your baby grows from being about
5 inches long and weighing about
5 ounces, to being about 10 inches
long and weighing about 1 pound
around this month. All this means,
when you're five months pregnant,
your baby's size is similar to that of
a bell pepper or a banana. You've
both come a long way in five
months!
 BEST TIME TO KNOW GENDER
OF BABY
Since an ultrasound creates an image of
your baby, it can also reveal the sex of
your baby. Most doctors schedule an
ultrasound at around 18 to 21 weeks,
but the sex may be determined by
ultrasound as early as 14 weeks 

Twenty-one weeks pregnant is five months pregnant,

although doctors track pregnancy by week, not month.
Since pregnancy is 40 weeks long, you're now a majority of
the way through your pregnancy!
 6 MONTHS OF A BABY
By the end of the sixth month, your
baby is about 12 inches long and
weighs about 2 pounds. their skin is
reddish in color, wrinkled, and veins
are visible through the baby's
translucent skin. Baby's finger and
toe prints are visible. The eyelids
begin to part and the eyes open
 7 MONTHS OF A BABY
At the end of the seventh month of
pregnancy, fat begins to be
deposited on your baby. Your baby
is about 36 cm (14 inches) long
and weighs from about 900 -
1800g (two to four pounds). Your
baby's hearing is fully developed
and they change position
frequently and responds to stimuli,
including sound, pain, and light.
 8 MONTHS OF A BABY
At 34 weeks, your baby weighs
more than 2.1kg (4.7lb) and is
about 45cm (17.7in) from head to
heel, roughly the size of a
cantaloupe melon. Their sense of
hearing is now even more
developed, and they may be able
to recognise songs and lullabies if
you play them often enough
 9 MONTHS OF A BABY
Since last month, your baby has
most likely packed on 1 to 2 extra
pounds and 1 to 2.5 inches. In
addition to rocking an impressive
growth spurt, your baby experiences
significant development during the
ninth month of pregnancy
THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF REGIONAL
ANESTHESIA: SPINAL, EPIDURAL AND COMBINED
SPINAL/EPIDURAL. WITH EACH TYPE, MEDICINES ARE
PLACED NEAR THE NERVES IN YOUR LOWER BACK TO
“BLOCK” PAIN IN A WIDE REGION OF YOUR BODY WHILE
YOU STAY AWAKE. IT CAN ALSO BE USED IF A
CESAREAN BIRTH BECOMES NECESSARY.
AN EPISIOTOMY IS A
CUT (INCISION)
THROUGH THE AREA
BETWEEN YOUR
VAGINAL OPENING
AND YOUR ANUS.
THIS AREA IS CALLED
THE PERINEUM. THIS
PROCEDURE IS
DONE TO MAKE
YOUR VAGINAL
OPENING LARGER
FOR CHILDBIRTH
CAESAREAN
SECTION, ALSO
KNOWN AS C-
SECTION, OR
CAESAREAN
DELIVERY, IS THE
SURGICAL
PROCEDURE BY
WHICH ONE OR MORE
BABIES ARE
DELIVERED
THROUGH AN
INCISION IN THE
MOTHER'S ABDOMEN,
OFTEN PERFORMED
BECAUSE VAGINAL
DELIVERY WOULD
PUT THE BABY OR
MOTHER AT RISK.
 RH LAW
 The Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of 2012, known as
the RH Law, is a groundbreaking law that
guarantees universal and free access to nearly
all modern contraceptives for all citizens,
including impoverished communities, at
government health centers.