AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CIRCUIT THEORY II
SINUSOIDS AND PHASORS
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suleyman BILGIN

Not: Bu ders materyali sadece Akdeniz Üniversitesi Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü örgün
ve ikinci öğretim öğrencileri eğitimi için hazırlanmıştır. Bunun dışında, bu sununun kısmen ya da
tamamen kopyalanması, üzerinde değişiklik yapılması, bu unsurun çoğaltılması veya yayımlanması,
online ya da diğer bir iletişim aracı kullanılmak suretiyle dağıtılması, paylaşılması gönderilmesi,
kısmen ya da tamamen indirilerek satılması yasaktır.
AC (Alternating Current) Electric Circuit

Chapter 1 - Sinusoids and Phasors

Chapter 2 - Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis
Chapter 3 - AC Power Analysis
Chapter 4 - Magnetically Coupled Circuits
Chapter 5 - Frequency Response
Basic Electric Circuit
• A sinusoid is a signal that has the form of the sine or cosine function.

• A sinusoidal current is usually referred to as alternating current (ac). Such a

current reverses at regular time intervals and has alternately positive and negative
values. Circuits driven by sinusoidal current, or voltage sources are called ac
circuits.

• A sinusoidal forcing function produces both a transient response and a steady-state

response, much like the step function. The transient response dies out with time so
that only the steady-state response remains. When the transient response has
become negligibly small compared with the steady-state response, we say that the
circuit is operating at sinusoidal steady state. It is called as sinusoidal steady-state
response.
Sinusoids
Sinusoids

A periodic function is one that satisfies f(t) = f(t+nT), for all t and for all integers n.

While is in radians per second (rad/s), f is in hertz (Hz).

Sinusoids
Sinusoids
Sinusoids
Example 1:
Find the amplitude, phase, period, and frequency of the sinusoid
Example 2:
Calculate the phase angle between v1 = -10 cos(ωt + 50º) and v2 = 10 sin(ωt - 10º). State which
sinusoid is leading.
Phasors
A phasor is a complex number that represents the amplitude and phase of a sinusoid.
Phasors
Phasors
The idea of phasor representation is based on Euler’s identity.
Phasors
Phasors
Phasors
Phasors
Example 3:
Evaluate these complex numbers:
Example 4:
Transform these sinusoids to phasors:
Example 5:
Find the sinusoids represented by these phasors:
Example 6:
Given i1 = 4 cos(ωt + 30º) A and i2 = 5 sin(ωt - 20º) A, find their sum.
Example 7:
Using the phasor approach, determine the current i(t) in a circuit described by the
integrodifferential equation
 REFERENCES
• Alexander, CK, Sadiku, MNO, ‘Fundamentals of Electric Circuits’, McGraw-Hill. 5th Ed.
Thank you for your interests…