Social Roles and Social Norms

People are social animals and are almost always in the compay of others.
Being in a group can be both advantageous and disadvantageous.

The effects of stress can be reduced considerably by strong social

support.

While groups have both negative and positive effects on behaviors,

individuals should not avoid groups.

As a member of society, each person has a role to play, which may

support or complement the roles of other people he/she interacts with.
 Social Roles
Social roles specify the part or position of a person in society. It also specifies
behavior expected to be exhibited by an individual in practicing his/her role.
 Sociogram
Indicates the social structure of a group and the relationship of people
within the group.
 Nature and Depth of Relationships
Familiaity refers to being comfortable with another person and is
a necessary condition for a close relationship to develop.

Attraction may lead to deeper relationships (Santrock, 2009).

Love is a special attachment one has for himself/herself or for

somebody else.
Three most common kinds of love:
Romantic Love also called passionate love, it includes an intermingling of different
emotions: fear, anger, sexual desire, joy and jealousy among others.

Affectionate Love also referred to as companionate love, it is the type of love that
occurs when someone has deep caring affection for a person and desires to have
him/her near constantly.

Consummate Love is the strongest and fullest type of love (Sternberg, 1985).his ideal
form of love involves passion, intimacy, and commitment.
The Triangle Theory of Love

In 1985, Robert Sternberg postulated that love is made up of three components:

passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Passion has something to do with physical and sexual attraction to another.

Intimacy is characterized by the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing

of the relationship and the intent to maintain it even in the face of problems.

Commitment is the cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intent to maintain it
even in the face of problems.
 Attitude
Attitudes are beliefs that predispose people to act and feel in certain
ways towards people, objects, or ideas. They can either be positive or
negative.
How Attitudes Originate?
Generally, attitudes of a person develop over time and have emotional components.
However, they are normally acquired from two sources: first-hand experience and
account by others.

People develop positive or negative attitudes

towards certain an object because of a direct
experience with it.

Attitudes are also learned from others through

modelling and reinforcement.
 Stereotypes
Stereotypes are generalizations in which the same traits or characteristics are
assumed to be possessed by all members of a group (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2002).
Some stereotypes affect people's day-to-day interactions and decisions.

Example, Ilocanos are tightwads, Visayans are fun-loving, Kapampangan women

cook better than other groups of women, Asians are the worst drivers in the world.
 Negative stereotypes are accompanied by
prejudice and discrimination.
Discrimination is the specific unfair
Prejudice is an unfair, biased, or intolerant
behavior or treatment towards the
attitude or opinion towards the members of
member of a group.
a group.
Acting on prejudice leads to discrimination.
Racism is discrimination against people
based on their skin color or ethnic
heritage.

Sexism is discrimination against people

because of their gender.