THE SOCIAL SELF
rules for behaving in particular situations.
SOCIOLOGY:
 is the scientific study of the society, patterns
of social relationships, social interaction,
and culture.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY:
 Is a branch of psychology that deals with
social interactions, including their origins
and their effects on the individual.
 Is about understanding individual behavior
in a social context.
THE SOCIAL SELF:
 is a multifaceted analysis of the self-concept
based on the social nature of the self. The
emphasis is on the self-esteem along with
self-centrality, self- complexity, social
interest, identification, power, marginality,
openness, and majority identification.
INTERACTION VS. RELATIONSHIP
Interaction: refers to the mutual and reciprocal
exchange of communication or action between two
or more persons or groups.
Relationship: is a particular way in which two or
more individuals, groups or even countries talk to or
behave with each other.
PERSONAL PERCEPTION
 In psychology, personal perception refers to
forming impressions and making judgments
about another person’s likability after seeing
or meeting him/her. The assessment
includes what kind of person one is, his
intentions, traits and behaviors.
 First Impressions are part or personal
perception.
According to Brawner and Arcega (2018), it is wrong
to judge the character of a person on the basis of first
impressions because biases and errors may occur.
It is advisable to always validate one’s perception
through further observations, gathering of feedback
and reports, and interaction, among others, before
making judgments.
SOCIAL NORMS:
NORMS: are the patterns or traits characterized as
typical or usual for a group. Other terms associated
with norms are “average” and “normal”.
Ex. Passing score in an exam, mothers take care of
the children and fathers’ work
SOCIAL NORMS: refer to spoken and unspoken
Ex. Covering one’s mouth when sneezing or
coughing
 Most people conform to the social norms of
the culture in which they exist. Norms in
social behavior serve to guide or regulate
the manner in which people conduct
themselves.
 Behaviors have to be controlled or regulated
because of social consequences.
TOGETHER AS A GROUP
In social situations where people work and do
things together for a purpose, two things may
happen.
First, performance of individual member of the
group is improved. This is referred to as social
facilitation.
Second, working or being with a group may also
reduce individual effort, a phenomenon known as
social loafing.
CONFROMITY
 refers to yielding a group pressure to act as
everyone does, even when no direct
request has been made. It is the tendency
to behave like others in the group.
Conformity is brought about by two motivations;
1. to gain reward (approval) or avoid
punishment
2. to gain information
Factors that make conformity more likely to exist:
1. size of the group
2. unanimous group
3. culture
4. gender
The decision to yield to group pressure should be
based on your answers to any of the following
questions:
1. Will conforming do you good? What
advantages or rewards will you get from it?
2. Will conforming put at stake or endanger
your integrity and that of your family?
3. Will it cost much on your part if you
conform?
4. Will you be penalized or punished if you do
not conform?
5. Will things change if you yield/do not yield to
social pressure?
SOCIAL ROLES:
  specify the part or position of a person in a
society. It also specifies the behavior
expected to be exhibited by an individual in
practicing his/her role.
 Sociogram indicates the social structure of
a group and the relationship of people within
that group. It shows who are popular,
isolates, islands, and mutual friends.
 Also referred to as compassionate love. It is
the type of love that occurs when someone
has deep and caring affection for a person
and desires to have him/ her near
constantly.
CONSUMATE LOVE:

 It is the strongest and fullest type of love.

This ideal form of love involves passion,
NATURE AND DEPTH OF RELATIONSHIPS
intimacy, and commitment.
FAMILIARITY:

 refers to being comfortable with another

THE TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE
person and is a necessary condition for a
close relationship to develop. People who In 1985, Robert Sternberg postulated that
are familiar to us are our family, friends and love is made up of three components: passion,
lovers. intimacy and commitment.
According to a research, people like to associate Passion: has something to do with physical and
with others who are similar to them in terms of: sexual attraction to another.
1. attitude Intimacy: is characterized by emotional feelings of
2. behavior patterns warmth, closeness, and sharing of relationship.
3. personal characteristics
4. taste in fashion or clothes Commitment: is the cognitive appraisal of the
5. intelligence relationship and the intent to maintain it even in the
6. personality and the like face of problems.

ATTRACTION: Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

 is a force acting mutually between particles Liking Intimacy

of matter, tending to draw them together,
and resisting their separation.
Romantic Love Companionate
 may lead to deeper relationships. One
Passion + intimacy Intimacy + Commitment
person may be drawn or attracted to
Infatuation
another due to reasons like similarities or
Passion
differences in interests, personality
characteristics, life goals, and lifestyles, to Passion + Commitment
Consummate Love

name a few. NOTE: Attraction is different Intimacy + Passion + Commitment Empty Love
Commitment
from love.
LOVE:

 is a special attachment one has for himself THE FIVE LOVE LANGUAGES
or herself or for somebody else. It is an
intense feeling of deep or constant affection 1. Words of Affirmation
and emotion in which a person always sees 2. Acts of Service
to the good, happiness and welfare of the 3. Receiving gifts
other. 4. Quality Time
5. Physical Touch
KINDS OF LOVE:
ATTITUDES
ROMANTIC LOVE:
 are beliefs that predispose people to act
 passionate love, includes emotions such and feel in certain ways towards people,
as fear, anger, sexual desire, jealousy, objects, or ideas.
among others. It is one of the reasons
for getting married. A positive attitude: is reflected in a happy, pleasant,
or optimistic disposition.
 In a study by Berscheid, Snyder, and
Omoto in 1989, college students chose A negative attitude: is associated with pessimism or
a romantic partner, rather than a parent a general feeling of dislike.
or sibling as their closest relationship
Attitudes are normally acquired from two sources:
AFFECTIONATE LOVE:
1. first-hand experience
 2. accounts by others.
Attitudes are not permanent. Persuasive
communication plays a big part in this process.

STEREOTYPES

 are generalizations in which the same traits

or characteristics are assumed to be
possessed by all members of a group.
 Negative stereotypes are accompanied by
Prejudice and Discrimination.
Prejudice: is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude
or open towards the members of a group.
Ex. Overweight women are not as intelligent as
women of normal weight.
Discrimination: is the specific unfair behavior or
treatment towards the members of a group.
Ex. An employer refusing to hire women because of
their gender is an example of discrimination.

 Discrimination against people based on

their skin color or ethnic heritage is called
racism.
 Discrimination against people because of
their gender is sexism.