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LEARNER’S MODULE IN Gen Ed 101: Understanding The Self

MODULE 5

SOCIAL SELF -Relating Harmoniously and Properly With Everyone

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Social Psychology- the study of social relationships or interactions.

Interaction- refers to the mutual and reciprocal exchange of communication or action between two or more persons or groups.

Relationship- refers to particular way in which two or more individuals, groups, or even countries talk to, behave toward, or deal with
each other. There is an established connection, kinship, or attachment between persons or groups attributable to several factors—
interests, philosophy of life, goals or way of thinking—that bind them together.

These two terms imply two-way exchanges.

PERSON PERCEPTION
 refers to forming impressions and making judgments about another person’s likeability after seeing or meeting him/her.

SOCIAL NORMS
 Norms – patterns or traits characterized as typical or usual for a group.
 Social Norms- refer to the spoken and unspoken rules for behaving in particular situations.

TOGETHER AS A GROUP
In social situations where people work and do things together for a purpose, two things may happen.

 Social Facilitation- the performance of each individual member of the group is improved.
 Social Loafing- Working or being with a group may also reduce individual effort.

CONFORMITY

 refers to yielding to group pressure as everyone does, even when no direct request has been made. (Lahey 2009)
- It is the tendency to behave like others do in a group.

Conformity is brought about by two motivations: to gain reward (approval) or avoid punishment (disapproval); and to gain information.

Some factors make conformity more likely to exist in a group (Lahey, 2009):

1. Size of the group. The more people there are in a group, the more likely a member tends to conform.
2. Unanimous group. Conformity is highest when an individual faces a group in which all member feel the same way about a
topic, a problem, or an issue.
3. Culture. Conformity occurs in all cultures. However, some cultures emphasize the welfare of the individual; people are
less conforming.
4. Gender. In the past, females were more likely to conform than males, but research has shown that it is no longer the
case. (Eagly, 1978; Eagly and Johnson, 1990.)

SOCIAL ROLES AND SOCIAL NORMS

People are social animals and are almost always in the company of others. Being in a group can be both advantageous and
disadvantageous.

Social Roles specify the part or position of a person in a society. It also specifies behaviour expected to be exhibited by an individual in
practicing his/her role. Whether aware or not, a person may play several roles, each of which influences the behaviour of another
individual.

NATURE AND DEPTH OF RELATIONSHIPS

Relationships are among the most important aspects of our lives. They can be positive or conflicted, but the lack of relationships could
be the worst of all, as it creates loneliness.

Familiarity-refers to being comfortable with another person and is necessary condition for a close relationship to develop.

Attraction- may lead to deeper relationships (Sanstrock, 2003). One person may be drawn or attracted to another due to reasons like
similarities or differences in interest, personality characteristics, life goals, and lifestyles, to name a few. Attraction paves the way for
enjoying the company and being comfortable with the other person, and feelings of ease and confidence.

Love is a special attachment one has for himself/herself or for somebody else. It is an intense feeling of deep or constant affection and
emotion in which a person always sees to the good, happiness and welfare of the other. The person is willing to sacrifice or to give up
something for the good of the object of his/her love. It can manifest as love for God, spouse, children, family, or country, among
others.

Most common kinds of love

 Intimacy + Commitment

1. Romantic Love. Also called passionate love, it includes an intermingling of different emotions: fear, anger, sexual desire, joy
and jealousy, among others.
2. Affectionate Love. Also referred to as compassionate love, it is the type of love that occurs when someone has deep and
caring affection for a person and desires to have him/her near constantly.
3. Consummate Love. It is the strongest and fullest type of love. This ideal form of love involves passion, intimacy, and
commitment.

Liking The Triangular Theory

Intimacy In 1985, Robert Stenberg postulated that

love is made up of three components: passion, intimacy, and commitment.

Passion- has something to do with physical and sexual attraction to one another.

Intimacy- is characterized by the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing of the relationship.

Commitment- is the cognitive appraisal of the relationship

and the intent to maintain it even in the face of problems.

Companionate Stenberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

Romantic Love
Passion + Intimacy Some interpretations on the illustration as follows.

 If passion is the only ingredient present, the

feeling is infatuation, as in a fling or an affair.
 Intimacy and commitment without passion show
affectionate love.
 The combination of passion and commitment
Consummate without intimacy results in fatuous love.
 Consummate love is achieve if all three
Love
components are present.
Intimacy+Passion+ Commitment
Every person is capable of loving.Without love,people
become lonely and social relationships suffer.There are
many
Empty Love Infatuation Passion + Commitment
ways of
showing love,and they could vary in form and Commitment Passion in
depth.People who freely share and give love,and
are loved in return,are happy people.

Attitudes

Attitudes- are beliefs that predispose people to act and feel in certain ways towards people, objects, or ideas. They can either be
positive and negative. The three distinct features of an attitude include belief, feelings and disposition.

Positive attitude- is reflected in a happy, pleasant, or optimistic disposition.

Negative attitude- is associated with pessimism or a general feeling of dislike.

How Attitudes Originate?

Generally, attitudes of a person develop overtime and have emotional components. However, they are normally acquired from two
sources- first had experience and accounts by others.

Persuasion and Attitude Change

Attitudes are not permanent. They can be changed or modified even after they have been formed. Persuasive communication plays a
big part in this process. The extent of change depend on the speaker, the message, and the listener. If the speaker is a credible source
of information, he/she is more likely to persuade a person to change or modify his/her attitude.

Stereotypes

Stereotypes are generalizations in which the same traits or characteristics are assumed to be possessed by all members of a group.
Stereotypes affect people’s day-to-day interactions and decisions.

Negative stereotypes are accompanied by prejudice and discrimination.

 Prejudice- is an unfair, biased or intolerant attitude or opinion towards the members of a group.
 Discrimination- is the specific unfair behaviour or treatment towards the members of a group.
 Racism- discrimination against people based on their skin color or ethnic heritage
 Sexism- discrimination against people or because of their gender

Prepared by:LAARNI A.TOLETE,LPT

Instructor
 ACTIVITY SHEET
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
MODULE V
NAME OF LEARNER:____________________________________________
YEAR AND COURSE:____________________________________________

Activity I

Direction: Write True if the underlined word is correct and write the correct answer if not.Strictly no erasures.

________________1.Sexism is a discrimination against people based on their skin color or ethnic heritage.

________________2. Negative attitude is reflected in a happy, pleasant, or optimistic disposition.

________________3. Familiarity refers to being comfortable with another person and is necessary condition for a close relationship to
develop.

________________4. Romantic Love is also called consummate love.

________________5. Social Facilitation is when the performance of each individual member of the group is improved.

________________6. Social norms is a patterns or traits characterized as typical or usual for a group.

________________7. Love are beliefs that predispose people to act and feel in certain ways towards people, objects, or ideas.

________________8.Attitudes is a special attachment one has for himself/herself or for somebody else.

________________9. The specific unfair behaviour or treatment towards the members of a group is called racism.

________________10. Conformity is the tendency to behave like others do in a group.

Activity II- ( Performance Task)

Make a short video about the given topic.Send it through group chat only.

Topic: Unrequited feeling is also reconsidered as love.Agree or Disagree? Why? Defend your stand.

Instruction:Before you answer the topic/question,define love in own words.

Criteria
Organization and Clarity -30% Use of Arguments-30% Content - 40%
 Viewpoint is clear.  Reasons are given to support  Relevance to the topic.
viewpoint.
 Well supported argument.

Prepared by:LAARNI A.TOLETE,LPT

Instructor