‭Factors that affect perception of the physical self‬ ‭ .

‬‭Emergency‬‭Contraception‬‭–‬‭it‬‭is‬‭a‬‭measure‬‭that‬‭protects‬‭against‬‭pregnancy‬
6
‭after‬‭unprotected‬‭sex‬‭has‬‭already‬‭occurred.‬‭It‬‭could‬‭be‬‭through‬‭IUD‬‭or‬‭higher‬
‭1.Personal factors‬ ‭dosage of pills (Rosenthal, 2013)‬

a‭ .Introspection‬‭and‬‭Self‬‭Reflection‬‭–‬‭is‬‭a‬‭process‬‭by‬‭which‬‭one‬‭observes‬‭and‬ ‭Three Phases of Romantic Love (Helen Fisher, 1988)‬

‭examines‬ ‭one’s‬ ‭internal‬ ‭state‬ ‭(mental‬ ‭and‬ ‭emotional)‬ ‭after‬ ‭behaving‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬
‭certain way.‬ ‭1.Lust Phase‬‭– there is an intense craving for sexual‬‭contact.‬

‭ .Self-Perception‬‭Theory‬‭–‬‭explains‬‭tha‬‭t‬‭people‬‭can‬‭infer‬‭their‬‭inner‬‭states‬‭by‬
b ‭ .Attraction‬‭Phase‬‭–‬‭here‬‭the‬‭couples‬‭are‬‭infatuated‬‭and‬‭pursue‬‭a‬‭relationship.‬
2
‭observing their own behavior – as if they are an outside observer.‬ ‭The energy and attention is focused on one particular person.‬

c‭ .Self-Concept‬ ‭–‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭cognitive‬ ‭representation‬ ‭of‬ ‭self‬ ‭knowledge‬ ‭which‬ ‭ .Attachment‬‭Phase‬‭–‬‭a‬‭long‬‭term‬‭bond‬‭between‬‭parthers‬‭are‬‭formed.‬‭There‬‭is‬
3
‭include the sum‬‭total of all beliefs that people have‬‭about themselves.‬ ‭a feeling of security, comfort and emotional union.‬

‭ .Personal‬‭identity‬‭–‬‭is‬‭the‬‭concept‬‭a‬‭person‬‭has‬‭about‬‭himself‬‭that‬‭develops‬
d ‭ OVE‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭characterized‬ ‭by‬‭concern‬‭for‬‭others’s‬‭well‬‭being‬‭,‬‭a‬‭desire‬‭for‬
L
‭over the years.‬ ‭physical‬ ‭presence‬ ‭and‬ ‭emotional‬ ‭support.‬ ‭Though‬ ‭sex‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭component‬ ‭of‬
‭romantic‬‭love,‬‭but‬‭more‬‭i‭m
‬ portant‬‭than‬‭that‬‭is‬‭the‬‭bond‬‭that‬‭forms‬‭between‬‭the‬
‭2. Social factors‬ ‭couple.‬

a‭ .Attachment‬ ‭Process‬ ‭and‬ ‭Social‬‭Appraisal‬‭–‬‭people‬‭learn‬‭about‬‭their‬‭value‬ ‭LOVE STYLES by John Lee‬

‭and‬‭lovability‬‭when‬‭they‬‭experiences‬‭how‬‭their‬‭mothers‬‭or‬‭caregivers‬‭care‬‭for‬
‭them and respond to their needs.‬ ‭ .EROS‬‭– love is based on strong sexual and emotional‬
1
‭component.‬
‭ .Maintaining,‬ ‭Regulating‬ ‭and‬ ‭Expanding‬ ‭the‬ ‭Self‬ ‭in‬ ‭Interpersonal‬
b
‭Relationship‬ ‭–‬ ‭the‬ ‭sense‬ ‭of‬ ‭self‬ ‭is‬ ‭continuously‬ ‭shaped‬ ‭through‬ ‭on‬ ‭going‬ ‭ .AGAPE‬‭– this is altruistic and selfless love‬
2
‭interaction with others or significant relationship partners.‬ ‭.‬
‭3.STORGE‬‭– this is love-related friendship and based‬‭on nonsexual affection‬
‭c.The Looking-Glass Self Theory‬
‭4.LUDUS‬‭– love is just a game, something for fun or‬‭entertainment.‬
‭ .Social‬‭Comparison‬‭–‬‭is‬‭a‬‭process‬‭of‬‭comparing‬‭oneself‬‭with‬‭others‬‭in‬‭order‬
d
‭to evaluate one’s own abilities‬‭and opinions.‬ ‭ .MANIA‬ ‭–‬ ‭this‬ ‭is‬‭characterized‬‭by‬‭an‬‭intense‬‭feeling‬‭which‬ ‭may‬‭lead‬‭to‬
5
‭obsessive and possessive love towards the loved one.‬
‭ pward Social Comparison‬
U
‭Downward Social Comparison‬ ‭6.PRAGMA‬‭– this is a practical and business-like love.‬

e‭ .‬ ‭Social‬‭Identity‬‭Theory‬‭–‬‭provides‬‭a‬‭framework‬‭about‬‭how‬‭people‬‭achieve‬ ‭Triangular Theory of Love (by Robert Sternberg, 1986)‬

‭their understanding about themselves‬‭by‬‭being a member‬‭of their group.‬
‭ .INTIMACY‬ ‭–‬ ‭this‬ ‭include‬ ‭the‬ ‭desires‬ ‭to‬ ‭give‬ ‭and‬ ‭received‬ ‭emotional‬
1
‭closeness, support, caring and sharing.‬
‭------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬
‭ .PASSION‬ ‭–‬ ‭this‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭hot‬ ‭component‬‭of‬‭love‬‭which‬‭can‬‭be‬‭described‬‭as‬
2
‭ exually Transmitted Infection (STI’s)‬
S ‭intensely‬ ‭romantic‬ ‭or‬‭sexual‬‭desire‬‭for‬‭another‬‭person‬‭usually‬‭accompanied‬
‭-STI’s‬‭are‬‭diseases‬‭that‬‭are‬‭c‬‭ontracted‬‭primarily‬‭through‬‭sexual‬‭contact‬‭with‬ ‭by physical attraction and physiological arousal.‬
‭an infected individual.‬
‭-‬ ‭ .COMMITMENT‬‭–‬‭this‬‭is‬‭the‬‭cold‬‭component‬‭of‬‭love‬‭.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭the‬‭decision‬‭to‬
3
‭1.HIV/AIDS‬ ‭maintain the relationship through good times and bad times.‬
‭2.Genital Herpes‬
‭3.Genital Warts‬ ‭Love drug = PEA = Phenylethylamine‬
‭4.Gonorrhea‬
‭5.Syphilis‬ ‭ ndorphins‬
E
‭6.Chlamydia‬ ‭-gives feeling of security, euphoria, and peace‬

‭Methods of Contraception (Artificial and Natural)‬ ‭------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬

‭ .Hormonal‬ ‭Method‬ ‭of‬ ‭Contraception‬ ‭–‬ ‭prevents‬ ‭the‬ ‭release‬ ‭of‬‭ann‬‭egg‬‭or‬

1 ‭ he theory of the meaning of material possessions (Dittmar, 1992, 2004)‬
T
‭ovulation.‬ ‭-suggest‬ ‭that‬ ‭material‬ ‭goods‬ ‭can‬ ‭fulfill‬ ‭a‬ ‭range‬ ‭of‬ ‭instrumental,‬ ‭social,‬
‭a.Oral contraceptives or pills‬ ‭symbolic and affective functions.‬
‭b.The “patch”‬
‭c.The “ring”‬ ‭ .‬‭Instrumental‬‭functions‬‭–‬‭relate‬‭to‬‭the‬‭functional‬‭properties‬‭of‬‭a‬‭product.‬‭For‬
1
‭d.Implants‬ ‭example‬ ‭a‬ ‭person‬ ‭bought‬‭a‬‭pick‬‭up‬‭style‬‭of‬‭vehicle‬‭for‬‭family‬‭and‬‭business‬
‭e.Injectable‬ ‭functions.‬

‭ .‬ ‭Barrier‬ ‭Methods‬ ‭–‬ ‭it‬ ‭physically‬ ‭or‬ ‭chemically‬ ‭block‬ ‭the‬ ‭sperm‬ ‭from‬
2 ‭ .‬‭Social‬‭symbolic‬‭functions‬‭–‬‭signify‬‭personal‬‭qualities,‬‭social‬‭standing,‬‭group‬
2
‭reaching an egg.‬ ‭affiliation‬ ‭and‬ ‭gender‬ ‭role.‬ ‭For‬ ‭instance,‬ ‭buying‬ ‭an‬‭iphone‬‭instead‬‭of‬‭other‬
‭a.Diaphragm‬ ‭mobile phone brands.‬
‭b.Cervical caps‬
‭c. Male and Female condoms or spermicides‬ ‭ .‬‭Categorical‬ ‭functions‬ ‭–‬ ‭refer‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭extent‬ ‭to‬ ‭which‬‭material‬‭possessions‬
3
‭maybe‬‭used‬‭to‬‭communicate‬‭group‬‭membership‬‭or‬‭status.‬‭Example,‬‭buying‬‭a‬
‭ . Behavioral Methods‬
3 ‭condo unit in Makati City.‬
‭a.Rhythm or Calendar Method‬
‭b.Abstinence or Celibacy‬ ‭ .‬‭Self-expressive‬ ‭functions‬ ‭–‬ ‭reflect‬ ‭a‬ ‭persons‬ ‭unique‬ ‭qualities,‬ ‭values‬ ‭or‬
4
‭c.Outercourse‬ ‭attitudes.‬
‭d.Withdrawal‬ ‭.‭E
‬ xample, buying hello kitty brands, collecting starbucks‬‭mugs etc.‬

‭ .‬‭Sterilization‬‭–‬‭procedures‬‭that‬‭make‬‭an‬‭individual‬‭incapable‬‭of‬‭conceiving‬
4
‭or fertilizing a partner.‬
‭a.Tubal Ligation‬
‭b.Vasectomy‬

‭ .‬‭Intrauterine‬‭Device‬‭(IUD)‬‭–‬‭it‬‭is‬‭a‬‭small‬‭device‬‭that‬‭is‬‭placed‬‭in‬‭the‬‭uterus‬
5
‭by a doctor to prevent pregnancy.‬
‭ conomic‬ ‭identity‬‭–‬‭is‬‭a‬‭psychological‬‭phenomenon‬‭that‬‭results‬‭from‬‭social‬
E ‭Type of leaders‬
‭categorization.‬ ‭For‬ ‭instance,‬ ‭a‬ ‭category‬ ‭of‬ ‭economic‬ ‭status‬ ‭is‬ ‭whether‬ ‭a‬
‭person belongs to the rich, sustainable or poor sectors of society.‬
‭Symbolic Motives‬
‭ .‬‭Status‬ ‭–‬ ‭the‬ ‭extent‬ ‭to‬ ‭which‬ ‭people‬ ‭believe‬ ‭they‬ ‭can‬ ‭derive‬ ‭a‬ ‭sense‬ ‭of‬
1 ‭the‬ ‭group‬‭or‬‭organizational‬‭goals‬‭with‬‭the‬‭followers‬‭need‬‭and‬‭aspirations‬‭by‬
‭recognition‬‭or‬‭achievement‬‭from‬‭owning‬‭and‬‭using‬‭the‬‭right‬‭kind‬‭of‬‭product,‬
‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭an‬ ‭important‬ ‭motivator‬ ‭of‬ ‭behavior.‬ ‭Materialism‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭importance‬
‭ascribed‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭ownership‬ ‭and‬ ‭acquisition‬ ‭of‬ ‭material‬ ‭goods‬ ‭in‬ ‭achieving‬
‭major life goals.‬
‭2.‬‭Affective‬‭motives‬‭–‬‭this‬‭can‬‭be‬‭a‬‭basis‬‭of‬‭the‬‭buying‬‭behavior.‬‭For‬‭example,‬
a‭ person buys an object because of the joy/happiness she feels in acquiring it.‬
‭Anticipated‬‭affect‬‭is‬‭when‬‭a‬‭person‬‭is‬‭expecting‬‭to‬‭feel‬‭good‬‭or‬‭guilty‬
‭when doing‬ ‭something.‬
‭ onsumer‬ ‭identity‬ ‭–‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭pattern‬ ‭of‬ ‭consumption‬ ‭that‬ ‭describes‬ ‭the‬
C ‭manner‬ ‭by‬ ‭which‬ ‭ideas‬ ‭are‬ ‭expressed‬ ‭is‬ ‭important‬ ‭when‬ ‭connecting‬ ‭with‬
‭consumer .‬
‭ onsumption‬ ‭has‬ ‭become‬ ‭increasingly‬ ‭more‬ ‭meaning‬ ‭based‬ ‭–‬ ‭brands‬ ‭are‬
C ‭ rinciples of OST‬
‭often‬ ‭use‬ ‭as‬ ‭symbolic‬ ‭resources‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭construction‬ ‭and‬ ‭maintenance‬ ‭of‬
‭identity. This behavior leads to consumerism.‬
‭ onsumerism‬ ‭–‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭preoccupation‬ ‭with‬ ‭and‬ ‭an‬ ‭inclination‬ ‭towards‬ ‭the‬
C ‭4.When its over, it’s over.‬
‭buying‬ ‭of‬ ‭consumer‬ ‭goods.‬ ‭By‬‭choice‬‭or‬‭by‬‭compulsion,‬‭people‬‭respond‬‭to‬
‭goods‬‭and‬‭services‬‭based‬‭on‬‭people’a‬‭assumptions‬‭that‬‭it‬‭is‬‭associated‬‭to‬‭their‬
‭social identities.‬
‭ OLAND‬ ‭BARTHES‬ ‭popularized‬ ‭the‬ ‭field‬ ‭of‬ ‭semiology‬‭,‬ ‭the‬ ‭study‬ ‭of‬
R
‭objects as signs.‬
‭ ‬ ‭sign‬ ‭is‬ ‭anything‬ ‭that‬ ‭conveys‬ ‭a‬ ‭meaning.‬‭Barthes‬‭revealed‬‭that‬‭everyday‬
A
‭objects‬‭are‬‭bot‬‭just‬‭things‬‭but‬‭a‬‭complex‬‭system‬‭of‬‭signs‬‭which‬‭allows‬‭one‬‭to‬
‭read‬ ‭meaning‬ ‭into‬ ‭people‬‭and‬‭places‬‭.‬‭What‬‭people‬‭increasingly‬‭produce‬‭are‬
‭not material objects but signs,‬
‭ emiotic‬‭is the study of sign.‬
S ‭identity‬ ‭,‬ ‭soul‬ ‭or‬ ‭spirit‬ ‭separate‬ ‭from‬ ‭physical‬ ‭body.‬ ‭They‬ ‭are‬ ‭permanent‬
‭It‬ ‭examines‬ ‭how‬ ‭words,‬ ‭photographs,‬ ‭images‬ ‭and‬ ‭objects‬ ‭can‬ ‭work‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬
‭language to communicate‬‭a range of ideas, associations and feelings.‬
‭ sign has two elements:‬
A ‭MANAGEMENT‬
‭signifier‬ ‭which‬‭refer‬‭to‬‭its‬‭physical‬‭form‬‭(ex.‬‭A‬‭diamond‬‭ring)‬‭and‬‭signified‬
‭the mental concept‬‭it refers to (ex. engaged to be married).‬
‭ ence,‬ ‭objects‬ ‭are‬ ‭not‬ ‭just‬ ‭things‬ ‭but‬ ‭are‬ ‭reflections‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭wider‬ ‭lives‬ ‭of‬
H
‭communications‬ ‭and‬ ‭individuals.‬ ‭All‬ ‭these‬ ‭suggests‬ ‭that‬ ‭objects‬ ‭act‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬
‭complex‬ ‭systems‬ ‭of‬ ‭signs‬ ‭which‬ ‭allow‬ ‭one‬ ‭to‬ ‭read‬ ‭meaning‬ ‭into‬ ‭people,‬
‭places and purpose.‬
‭The‬‭things‬‭people‬‭use,‬‭own‬‭and‬‭surrounds‬‭themselves‬‭with‬‭might‬‭accurately‬
‭reflect‬‭their‬‭personalities‬‭.‬‭Not,‬‭surprisingly,‬‭the‬‭clothes‬‭ones‬‭waer,‬‭the‬‭car‬‭one‬
‭drives‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬‭furnishing‬‭of‬‭ones‬‭home‬‭are‬‭all‬‭expressions‬‭of‬‭one‬‭self,‬‭even‬
‭when they act as disguises rather than as reflections.‬
‭—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬
‭ he‬ ‭word‬ ‭politics‬ ‭is‬ ‭derived‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭Greek‬ ‭word‬ ‭Politika‬ ‭which‬ ‭means‬
T
‭affairs of the cities.‬
‭ olitics‬‭–‬‭is‬‭the‬‭p‬‭rocess‬‭of‬‭making‬‭decisions‬‭that‬‭applies‬‭to‬‭all‬‭members‬‭of‬‭a‬
P
‭group.‬ ‭It‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭ability‬ ‭to‬ ‭govern‬ ‭and‬ ‭control‬ ‭over‬ ‭a‬ ‭group‬ ‭of‬ ‭people‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬
‭community,‬‭state‬‭or‬‭nation.‬‭Thus‬‭the‬‭a‬‭bility‬‭to‬‭influence‬‭others‬‭by‬‭making‬‭a‬
‭decision for them is one of the essential qualities in one’s political self.‬
‭How can people be influenced by others?‬
‭ eadership‬ ‭Style‬ ‭–‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭pattern‬ ‭of‬ ‭leadership‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭which‬ ‭is‬ ‭repeatedly‬
L
‭shown as evident across a variety of situations‬‭. It is classified as follows:‬
‭ .‬‭Autocratic‬‭leadership‬ ‭is‬‭leadership‬‭that‬‭is‬‭directive,‬‭non‬‭participative‬‭,‬‭and‬
1 ‭who are living, learning and working in a digital society.‬
‭domineering.‬
‭2.‬‭Democratic‬ ‭leadership‬ ‭is‬ ‭leadership‬ ‭that‬ ‭is‬‭participative,‬‭communicative‬
‭and egalitarian.‬
‭3.‬‭Laissez-‬‭faire‬‭leadership‬ ‭is‬‭hands-off‬‭leadership,‬‭with‬‭few‬‭attempts‬‭made‬‭to‬
‭influence others.‬
‭ .‬‭Transactional‬‭leaders‬ ‭are‬‭leaders‬‭who‬‭focused‬‭on‬‭the‬‭proper‬‭exchange‬‭of‬
1
‭resources,‬ ‭who‬ ‭give‬ ‭followers‬ ‭something‬ ‭in‬ ‭exchange‬ ‭for‬ ‭something‬ ‭the‬
‭leader wants.‬
‭2.‬‭Transformational‬‭(charismatic‬‭leaders)‬‭are‬‭leaders‬‭who‬‭focused‬‭on‬‭aligning‬
‭developing an appealing vision.‬
‭3.‬‭Laissez-faire‬‭leaders‬ ‭are‬‭leaders‬‭who‬‭engage‬‭in‬‭non-leadership,‬‭that‬‭is‬‭they‬
‭avoid‬ ‭making‬ ‭decisions,‬ ‭hesitate‬‭in‬‭taking‬‭action‬‭and‬‭are‬‭often‬‭absent‬‭when‬
‭needed.‬
‭ pen‬‭Space‬‭Technology‬ ‭(OST)‬ ‭is‬‭an‬‭approach‬‭to‬‭purpose-driven‬‭leadership‬
O
‭which‬ ‭initially‬ ‭has‬ ‭no‬ ‭formal‬ ‭agenda‬ ‭but‬ ‭eventually‬ ‭leads‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭specific‬ ‭or‬
‭important‬ ‭purpose‬ ‭or‬‭task.‬‭(‬‭conferences,‬‭summit,‬‭retreats‬‭symposiums)‬‭it‬‭is‬
‭also‬ ‭a‬ ‭means‬ ‭of‬ ‭influencing‬ ‭others‬ ‭through‬ ‭techniques‬ ‭of‬ ‭persuasion.‬ ‭The‬
‭others.‬
P
‭1.Whoever comes are the right people.‬
‭2.Whatever happens is the only thing that could have happened.‬
‭3.Whenever it starts is the right time.‬
‭—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‬
‭ he‬‭term‬‭digital‬‭identity‬ ‭(DI)‬‭refers‬‭to‬‭anything‬‭that‬‭describes‬‭a‬‭persona‬‭an‬
T
‭individual presents across all the digital spaces that he/she is represented in.‬
‭ ymbolic‬ ‭markers‬ ‭express‬ ‭one’s‬ ‭identity‬ ‭to‬ ‭others,‬ ‭these‬ ‭are‬ ‭signals‬ ‭that‬
S
‭represented the person offline such as hair, clothes and body modification.‬
‭ n‬ ‭the‬ ‭otherhand‬ ‭there‬ ‭could‬ ‭be‬ ‭another‬ ‭self-presentation‬ ‭if‬ ‭a‬‭person‬‭goes‬
O
‭online.‬
‭Social‬‭media‬‭allows‬‭people‬‭to‬‭adopt‬‭identities‬‭independent‬‭of‬‭the‬‭bodies‬‭and‬
‭the‬‭markers‬‭it‬‭contains.‬‭This‬‭is‬‭called‬ ‭internet‬‭disembodiment,‬‭it‬‭refers‬‭to‬‭the‬
‭digital footprints.‬
‭ ELF-REPRESENTATION STRATEGIES AND IMPRESSION‬
S
‭How‬ ‭do‬ ‭people‬ ‭present‬ ‭themselves‬ ‭offline?‬ ‭How‬ ‭abput‬ ‭online?‬
‭Self-representation‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭range‬ ‭of‬ ‭strategies‬ ‭that‬ ‭people‬ ‭adopt‬‭to‬‭shape‬‭what‬
‭others think of them.‬
‭ .Self-promotion.‬ ‭The‬ ‭person‬ ‭using‬ ‭this‬ ‭is‬ ‭trying‬ ‭to‬ ‭show‬ ‭that‬ ‭he/she‬ ‭is‬
1
‭competent,‬‭effective‬‭or‬‭a‬‭winner.‬‭He/she‬‭always‬‭make‬‭people‬‭aware‬‭of‬‭their‬
‭accomplishment.‬
‭ .Ingratiation.‬‭The‬‭person‬‭using‬‭this‬‭has‬‭adesire‬‭to‬‭be‬‭likeable.‬‭He/She‬‭often‬
2
‭uses flattery and favours to make others like them.‬
‭ .‬ ‭Exemplification.‬ ‭The‬ ‭person‬ ‭using‬‭this‬‭has‬‭an‬‭intention‬‭to‬‭achieve‬‭worth‬
3
‭from‬‭others.‬‭He/She‬‭expects‬‭others‬‭to‬‭feel‬‭guilty‬‭by‬‭their‬‭actions.‬‭He/She‬‭stays‬
‭at work late so that people will know that they are hard-working.‬
‭ .‬ ‭Intimidation.‬ ‭The‬ ‭person‬ ‭using‬ ‭this‬‭tries‬‭to‬‭appear‬‭dangerous‬‭or‬‭ruthless.‬
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‭He/She expects others to be afraid of them.‬
‭ .‬ ‭Supplication.‬ ‭The‬ ‭person‬ ‭using‬ ‭this‬ ‭would‬ ‭like‬ ‭to‬ ‭appear‬ ‭helpless‬
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‭(handicapped or unfortunate). He/She aims to achive nurturance from others.‬
‭Self-enhancement-‬ ‭refers‬ ‭to‬‭the‬‭tendency‬‭to‬‭think‬‭of‬‭oneself‬‭in‬‭a‬‭favourable‬
‭light,‬‭whereas‬‭impression‬‭management‬‭refers‬‭to‬‭a‬‭deliberate‬‭attempt‬‭to‬‭distort‬
‭ones response in order to create a favourable impression with others.‬
‭ elf and Other in Cyberspace‬
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‭Digital Literacy -‬ ‭is defined as those capabilities possessed by individuals‬
I‭ n virtual interactions, in cyberspace so to speak, people are more willing to‬
‭speak up and misbehave without fear of disapproval and punishment from‬
‭authority figures.‬
‭People feel more relaxed, less restrained and tend to express themselves more‬
‭ penly. This phenomenon is known as online disinhibition.‬
o
‭Online disinhibition‬ ‭is the lack of restraint one‬‭feels when communicating‬
‭online in comparison to communicating in person. This could have both‬
‭positive and negative effects.‬
‭Two Categories of Online Disinhibition‬

‭ .‬‭Benign disinhibition‬ ‭is a positive form of online inhibition; it attempts to‬

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‭understand and explore oneself by sharing personal things about themselves.‬
‭People can be extremely generous and kind to others in the virtual‬
‭world,(donating or buying something for a cause).‬

‭ .‬‭Toxic disinhibition‬ ‭is a negative form of disinhibition; People have‬

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‭witnessed rude language, harsh criticism, anger, hatred even threats online.‬
‭Others may even go to the dark side of the internet where they can access‬
‭pornography, crimes and other forms of violence.‬

‭ yberbullying‬ ‭is bullying that takes place using electronic technology. It can‬
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‭be in the form of harassing, threatening, humiliating hassling of peers,‬
‭spreading rumors, creating videos to make fun of others.‬

‭ yber harassment‬ ‭is the use of information and communication technology to‬
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‭harass, control, manipulate or habitually disparage a child, adult, business or‬
‭group without a direct or implied threat of physical harm. It is the adult form‬
‭of cyber bullying.‬

‭ iven that your online behavior makes a huge impact on how you present‬
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‭your digital self, it’s important to always use social media with care and‬
‭consistency—always aware of how your personal brand can be affected by‬
‭what you say and do.‬