Communication
your tongue work together to form words and spoken
- Is a social process in which individuals employ
symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their
environment.
KEY WORDS:
1. Social
- We mean to suggest that it involves people and
interactions, whether face-to-face or online.
- This necessarily includes two people, who act as
senders and receivers.
2. Process
- Means that it is ongoing and unending.
- Communication is also dynamic, complex, and
continually changing.
- Communication, therefore, can be considered a
process that changes over time and among
interactants.
3. Symbols
- Is an arbitrary label or representation of phenomena.
- Words are symbols for concepts and things – for
example, the word love represents the idea of love;
the word chair represents a thing we sit on.
 TYPES OF SYMBOLS:
 Concrete/Denotative symbols – the symbol
represents an object
 Abstract/Connotative symbols – the symbol
stands for a thought or idea
4. Meaning
- Is what people extract from a message.
- Messages can have more than one meaning and even
multiple layers of meaning.
5. Environment
- Is the situation or context in which communication
occurs.
- The environment includes a number of elements,
including time, place, historical period, relationship,
and a speaker’s and listener’s cultural backgrounds.
- The environment can also be mediated.
- By that, we mean that communication can take place
with technological assistance. It’s highly likely that
all of you have communicated in some sort of
mediated environment; namely through email, chat
rooms, or social networking sites.
ELEMENTS of the COMMUNICATION PROCESS
1. Source
- Initiates the process by a having a thought or an idea
that he or she wishes to transmit to some other entity.
- The source may or may not have knowledge about
the receiver of the message.
- Sources can be a single individual, groups, or even
organizations.
2. Encoding
- Refers to the activities that a source goes through to
translate thoughts and ideas into a form that may be
perceived by the senses.
- When you have something to say, your brain and
sentences.
- When you write a letter, your brain and your fingers
cooperate to produce patterns of ink or some other
substance that can be seen on paper.
- In face-to-face conversation, the speaker encodes
thoughts into words.
3. Message
- Is the actual physical product that the source encodes.
- When you talk, your speech is the message.
- When you write a letter, what you put on the paper is
the message.
- When a TV network presents “Ang Probinsiyano”,
the program is the message.
4. Channels
- Are the ways the message travels to the receiver.
- Sound waves carry spoken words; light waves carry
visual messages.
- Some messages use more than one channel to travel
to the receiver.
5. Decoding
- Is the opposite of the encoding process.
- It consists of activities that translate or interpret
physical messages into a form that has eventual
meaning for a receiver.
- If you’re playing the radio while decoding these
lines, you are decoding two messages simultaneously
– one aural, one visual.
- Both human and machines can be thought of
decoders. The radio is a decoder, so is a DVD
playback unit; so is a film projector.
- A single communication event can involve many
stages of decoding. A reporter attends a city council
meeting and takes notes on a laptop (decoding), and
then writes a story and sends it to an editor who reads
(decoding) and edits it. Eventually, it is published and
read by an audience (decoding).
6. Receiver
- Is the target of the message – its ultimate goal.
- The receiver can be a single person, a group, an
institution, or even a large, anonymous collection of
people.
- The receiver can be determined by the source, as in
telephone call, or they can self-select themselves into
the audience, as with the audience for a TV show.
7. Feedback
- Refers to the responses of the receiver that shape and
alter the subsequent messages of the source.
- This represents a reversal of the flow of
communication.
- The original source becomes the receiver; the original
receiver becomes the new source.
- Feedback is useful to the source because it allows the
source to answer the question.
8. Noise
- Anything that interferes with the delivery of the
message.
 3 Types of Noise:
 Semantic - Occurs when different people
have different meanings for different words
 and phrases or when the arrangement of
words confuses the meaning.
Ex.

 Mechanical - This type of noise occurs when

there is a problem with a machine that is
being used to assist communication. A TV
set with snowy picture, a pen running out of
ink, and static-filled radio are all examples
of mechanical noise.
Ex.

 Environmental - This type refers to sources

of noise that are external to the
communication process but that nonetheless
interfere with it. Some environmental noise
might be introduced by the source or the
receiver; for example, you might try to talk
to somebody who keeps on drumming her or
his fingers on the table.
Ex.

Questions: I

1. What is communication?
2. Means to suggest that it involves people and
interactions, whether face-to-face or online. This
necessarily includes two people, who act as senders
and receivers.
3. Is the situation or context in which communication
occurs.
4. Means that it is ongoing and unending.
5. Is what people extract from a message.
6. Communication is also ____, ____, and continually
____.
7. What are the different types of symbols?
8. What are the elements of communication?
9. The symbol that represents an object.
10. The symbol that stands for a thought or idea

Questions: II

1. A type of noise that occurs when different people

have different meanings for different words and
phrases or when the arrangement of words confuses
the meaning.
2. This type of noise occurs when there is a problem
with a machine that is being used to assist
communication. A TV set with snowy picture, a pen
running out of ink, and static-filled radio are all
examples of mechanical noise.
3. This type refers to sources of noise that are external
to the communication process but that nonetheless
interfere with it.
4. Initiates the process by a having a thought or an idea
that he or she wishes to transmit to some other entity.
5. Refers to the activities that a source goes through to
translate thoughts and ideas into a form that may be
perceived by the senses.
6. Anything that interferes with the delivery of the
message.
7. Is the target of the message – its ultimate goal.
8. It consists of activities that translate or interpret
physical messages into a form that has eventual
meaning for a receiver.
9. Are the ways the message travels to the receiver.
10. Refers to the responses of the receiver that shape and
alter the subsequent messages of the source.
11. Is the actual physical product that the source encodes.
12. ____ carry spoken words; ____ carry visual
messages.
13. (T or F) The source may or may not have knowledge
about the receiver of the message.
14. (T or F) The receiver can be a single person, a group,
an institution, or even a large, anonymous collection
of people.
15. (T or F) Both human and machines can’t be thought
of decoders.
16. (T of F) Semantic noise is often caused by differences
between the sender and receiver of information, such
as age, culture, education, and experience.
17. (T of F) Mechanical noise refers to sources of noise
that are external to the communication process but
that nonetheless interfere with it.
18. (T or F) Encoding consists of activities that translate
or interpret physical messages into a form that has
eventual meaning for a receiver.