Internal text structures

LO: I can identify the structure of a text.

 What are text structures?

Structures are used to organize a text.

● Chronological
● Sequence
● Cause and effect
● Problem and solution
● Compare and contrast
 Chronological

● Chrono = time
● Stories are told in chronological/time order
 Signal words and questions
•
•
First
Second
• Does the article
• Soon mention a time
• Then
• Now
frame?
•
•
Immediately
Until
• Are events told in
• While the order they
•
•
When
Before
happened?
• After
 Sequence
● Steps described in the order they occur.
● Does not take place at any specific point in time.
 Signal words and questions
• First
• Second • What items,
• Next events, or steps
• Then
• Before are listed?
• After
• Finally • Do they always
• Following happen in this
• Not long after
• Now order?
• Soon
 Cause and effect

● Explains reasons why something happened.

● Or explains the effects of something.

 Signal words and questions
•
•
So
Because
• What happened?
• Since • Why did it
• Therefore
• If…then happen?
• This led to
• Reason why
• What caused it to
• As a result happen?
• May be due to
• Effect of
• Consequently
• For this reason
 Problem and solution

● Author states a problem and solution(s).

● Similar to cause and effect.

Eagles were Make laws to

endangered. protect them.
 Signal words and questions

• Question is… • What is the problem?

• Dilemma is…
• Puzzle is…
• To solve this…
• One answer is…
• One reason for the
problem is…
• Is there a solution?
• Why is this a
problem?
• What is being done
to solve it?
 Compare and contrast
● Compare = find similarities Contrast = find
differences
● Shows what’s in common and what’s different
 Signal words and questions
•
•
Same as
Similar
• What things are
• Alike being compared?
• As well as
• Not only…but also • In what ways are
•
•
Both
Instead of
they alike?
• Either…or • In what ways are
• On the other hand
• Different from they different?
• As opposed to
 Generalization

● Writing that gives a broad, unspecific

explanation of a process or topic.
 Signal words

● For instance
● Normally
● Generally
● Typically
● However
● Often
● Rarely
 Practice

Deviled Eggs

Pop out (remove) the egg yolks to a small bowl and mash with a
fork. Add mayonnaise, mustard powder, vinegar, salt and
pepper and mix thoroughly. Fill the empty egg white shells with
the mixture and sprinkle lightly with paprika. Cover lightly with
plastic wrap and refrigerate for up to one day before serving.