Headwork (Diversion Weir) Design - For AGP SSIP-by AberaChala

FDRE: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PROGRAM
Training on
Feasibility Study, Detail Design and Contract Administration of Irrigation Projects
Diversion/Weir Headwork Design

By
GENERATION INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT

CONSULTANT/GIRDC
GIRDC G 1 September 2015

Headworks
Irrigation Headworks include:
1. Diversion Weir
2. Free Intake structures
3. Pumps
4. Spring Protection/ Development
5. Micro Dam
GIRDC 2 September 2015

PART-I: Diversion Weir

1. Diversion Weir for SSIP
• Definition: Weir is a barrage structure which could be either
straight, curved or Zigzag/Labyrinth in shape aimed at raising
water level to some head so as to allow it to intake structures/
head regulators by gravity;
• Barrage is practically a low weir with an adjustable gate over it.
Heading up of water is affected by gate. This is usually
practiced in case of wider channels so as to minimize cost of
the solid structure. In this case, if flow in the river is limited,
pond level = Crest level + shutter height; but in case of weir,
pond level  Crest level.
• Requirement: The command should be lower than its intake
level in both types;
Diversion Weir (…ctd)

Comparison between Weir & a Barrage
Weir Barrage
Low investment cost Relatively high investment cost
Low control on flow Relatively high control on flow & water levels by
operation of gates
No provision for transport Needs a road can conventionally & economically be
communication across the combined with a barrage wherever necessary
rive
Chances of silting on the Silting can be controlled by judicial operation of gates
u/s is more
Afflux is high due to Due to low weir crests, afflux during high flood is low
relatively high weir crests (since gates are lifted up even above HFL)
Designed when high Designed when water level on u/s side of weir is required
water level is required for to be raised to different levels at different time.
longer periods of the Practically a barrage is an arrangement of adjustable
times & common for SSIPs gates or shutters at different tiers over a weir. Water
level can be adjusted by the opening of gates.
• Main purposes of designing this structure are:
 To provide a stable riverbed level from which to
abstract flow of the river;
 To increase size of command by raising the water level in
the river;
 To provide an impermeable cut-off to bed rock and drive
sub-surface flow to the surface – often a major
requirement for weirs in Arid climates;
 To pass continuous flow towards the intake;
 To reduce the beneficiaries work load in constructing
temporary diversion bunds at every flood season; and
 To increase reliability of water supply.
 To form a temporary storage by construction of dykes
on both side of banks of the river so that water is
available throughout the year.
 To control entry of silt into the canal and to control the
deposition of silt at the head of canal.
 To control fluctuation of water level in the river during
different seasons.
 To reduce the beneficiaries work load in constructing
temporary diversion bunds;

Types of Diversion Weirs

Weirs can also be classified as follows:
a) According to Purpose
 Storage weir: used to divert & at the same time store water hence some time
called low dams e.g. Cherechera Weir as a regulating weir.
 Pickup weir: used to divert released water from upstream located storage facility,
 Diversion Weir: used to raise level of water up to a req’d level & divert into a canal.
 Discharge Weir: used as spillways to carryover floods.
b) according to control of flow over crest
 Barrage: a low obstructive barrier where gates are provided on the crest to control
flow passing across the structure:
 Weir: obstruction across streams with crest fixed at about pond level or if lower
than pond level, with provision of controlling device (e.g. Drum gates) where by
the controlling device will be lowered during flood.
c) according to design aspect
 Gravity weirs: structures made stable as a result of self-weight to counteract uplift,
lateral & sliding forces.
 Non gravity weirs: structures made stable as a result of structural reinforcement &
designed as a reinforced concrete structure. Eg. A vertical barrier wall built across
streams where there exists a portion above the river bed level consisting of
GIRDC
reinforced concrete. 10 September 2015
Classification (ctd…)
d) According to materials of construction
 Masonry: all parts of wall is constructed using masonry stones. The
required section is moderate as it is structurally analyzed as monolithic
structure. Some-times plum concrete (30% Stone with 30mm size) is
added to its apron to improve its stability.
 Rockfill with Concrete Masonry: rockfill is supported by grids of
masonry work or reinforced concrete buttresses. The rock fill is either
in a form of gabion or random fill. It requires large section to achieve
stability
 Reinforced Concrete: all components aprons crest glacis, etc. are
constructed out of reinforced concrete. Mostly sloping downstream
glacis is provided to create hydraulic jump in a short distance
 Cyclopean concrete: The major control sections of this weir is
constructed out of cyclopean concrete i.e. a mix of rubble stone &
cement concrete at the ratio of 1:1.9. As per MOWE Guide line)

2. Summary of Required Basic Data
1. Topographical data:
• At least three permanent BMs have to be fixed at the selected weir
site;
• Existing infrastructures, if any;
• Topographic survey of the proposed Site;
• Cross-sectional survey of the river and its flood-plain up to about 5m
above the floodplain at headwork, u/s & d/s;
• Flood mark level at weir site;
• Longitudinal survey b/n cross sections.
2. Hydrological data
• Hydrological data including design flood
• Monthly low flows and associated river levels;
• Drainage Module of the area;
• Sediment rate;
• Water Quality Analysis
Basic Data(ctd…)
3. Summary of Geological & Geotechnical data
 Geotechnical data including riverbed material, and features such as rock
outcrops, foundation and river banks investigation at the headwork site are a
must
 Depending on the identified foundation material of the river bed along weir
axis, depth of cut off trench shall be determined/fixed,
 A graph of geological cross section along headwork axis should be shown
here (to protection works requirement)
 Compressive strength of Foundation mat’l & its Bearing capacity.
4. Summary of Physiographic data
 Physiographic data which are required for design of a weir are the river data
such as River bed level,
 length across the river, and
 its longitudinal profile around the weir site,
5. Summary of Sediment load data
 Sediment rate/load data;
 This data is required to determine sluice requirement and type of weir.
6. Irrigation Water Availability/Water Balance Analysis (covered in I&D)
Hydrologist Geologist Surveyor Soil Watershed Agronomy Socio-economy
- Climate data (Mean - Geologic cross - Bench marks (#4 at weir - Soil - Erosion rate of - Cropping - Number of
monthly RF, Max & section map along site 2 on each side of the suitab the catchment patte beneficiari
Table: Summary of Required Basic Data for Design of SSIP
min. Temp., RH, WS, weir axis river) ility rn es
SH, ETo & Max. daily map
50 years RP RF
- Base flow (Floating & - Weir site geo- - Weir site topo. (at 0.5m - Infiltration - Nature of - Monthly - Interest of
other empirical technique i.e. interval 200m on u/s & 300 cm/hr topography crop water beneficiaries
method) Compressive strength on d/s and 200m on each (rolling, hilly, requirement towards the
of foundation mat’l & side of the banks) mountain, flat) project
its bearing capacity
- Design flood (50yrs - Bank stability - Cross sections at 100 m - Soil type - Land use/land - Irrigation - Number of
for weir & 25/10yrs for condition on both sides u/s & d/s of weir axis or classification cover condition of scheduling livestock’s in the
cross drains & 5yrs for of the river 50m as appropriate (clayey, command & project area &
on-farm drains) sandy, loamy, catchment cattle trough req’t
etc.) & location
- Monthly 80% - Pit along MC & lining - Longitudinal profile of the - Drainage - CN of the - Benefit -Nearby villages &
dependable/lean flow requirement (at river in between u/s & d/s condition of catchment with & their location
50m/100m interval cross sections the command without the
along MC route project
- Drainage module - Cross drain - cross sections along weir -Foot bridge req’t
(24hr) foundation & bank axis
stability, slope
- GW conditions in the - Command topo. (at 0.5m - Expected project
command interval) identifying impact for all
depressions, hills, flat concerned
areas, settlement, rocky, stakeholders
forest areas
- Irrigation Water -Existing canal profile, if - Washing basin
quality any req’t & location
- Night Storage site - Cross sections at each
Geotechnical condition MC crossings if any
- Location of - Longitudinal profile of
quarry/construction drains b/n 50m u/s & 50m
material site/map d/s at MC crossings if any
3. Determination of Weir Section
DESIGN CONSIDERATION:
Design Considerations which need to be considered while designing
diversion weir are:
• Design levels of intake must be fixed (from topographic &
irrigation requirement),
• Design discharge of intake should be estimated or obtained from
hydrology report,
• Design discharge at the selected headwork site must be fixed ,
• Levels of flood at the selected headwork site must be fixed
• Based on this height of the headwork structure should be fixed
• Sill of under-sluice pocket is kept at or slightly above deepest river
bed and about 0.5 to 1.0 m below sill of canal head regulator.
• Divide walls are to be designed as cantilever retaining walls
subjected to silt pressure & water pressure from under-sluice side.
• Future level at which riverbed is expected to be stabilized must be
studied and fixed in order to set15 appropriate design conditions.
GIRDC September 2015
3. Determination of Weir Section
Shape of the Weir Crest: Weirs differ in type and shape; however they all are
designed and constructed to serve the same purposes. Thus, the following points
shall be considered to determine type & shape of a weir suited to specific site:
• The hydrological characteristics of the river (magnitude, velocity, sediment
condition) at that particular site;
• A weir with a shape that cannot easily be constructed by local manpower
should not be considered;
• The availability of skilled manpower for implementing it;
• The skill of the local masons to perform it as per design and specification;
• Suitability of the local construction materials
• On rivers subject to high velocity flows carrying boulders it is recommended
that a weir be made as low as possible & a shallow glacis weir be used, with
u/s & d/s slopes of the order of 1:2 or 1:3.
Accordingly, following commonly used weir cross sections are presented here:
• Ogee crested weir (has advantage as it has higher coeff. & bypass more Qd
than others for same crest length but its curved shape is difficult in
constructing it accurately and soundly);
• Vertical drop weir (Broad crested weir, Commonly used);
• Glacis weir (Steep or Shallow).
Determination of Shape (ctd…)

Sometimes, Zigzag/Labyrinth or curved type of weir (as shown
below) is designed in case of high flood within constricted channel so
as to increase its discharge capacity and decrease discharge height
thus cost of protection/wing walls & reduce backwater effect.

Which weir type is this

structure? Ogee crested weir

What have been

missed in this
structure?
• Sluice Which weir type is it?
• d/s protection Broad crested weir
works

MFL & TWL
Selecting Design Flood & its Return Period (RP)
• Options to be provided by Hydrology or Designer him/herself;
• Then select 50 years RP Qd plus some free board or 100 years Qd;
• U/s and d/s guide bunds and channel protection bunds should be
designed for a 1 in 25 or 1 in 50 year flood event where overtopping and
failure of the bunds will not result in catastrophic failure of the weir;

TWL (ctd…)
• Stage discharge curve should be established for various assumed depths of flow
for a given/surveyed river cross-section at selected weir site;
• Then water level corresponding to selected design flood magnitude should be
read from the plotted curve as shown below
Fixing TWD is used to

• Fix top level of d/s
embankment or
wing wall;
• Thickness of
downstream
apron

TWL (ctd…)
Exercise on MFL/Mark & TWD Computation
Given Data:
• Location of Project-X:
• Projection : UTM;
• Zone : 36
• Datum : Adindan
• MFL/Mark at a proposed weir = 1211.671 & Deepest RBL =1208.973 m a.s.l.
• Cross Sections at, u/s & d/s of Weir Axis: As attached
• Geo-technique study has shown that river banks are loose but bed is of sound
bedrock at 2m depth.
Question - 1: Estimate Qd from this observed Flood Mark at a proposed weir axis.
Question - 2: Estimate TWD corresponding to selected Q50 at the proposed weir axis;

4. Hydraulic Design of Weir Section
4.1 Summary of Hydrological Data Analysis
• Here, Peak design floods from Hydrology section shall be presented in
Summary and select among them with justification.
• Design floods shall at-least be estimated by three of the listed methods
below including Complex Hydrograph Method
S.N Method used Value (m3/s) Remark
1 Slope Area Method
2 Basin Approach Method
3 RF Frequency Analysis Method
4 Richard's Method
5 Historical Data Analysis Method
6 Complex Hydrograph Method
7 Empirical Formulae, etc.

Weir Hydraulic Design(ctd…)
4.2 Fixing weir crest level
• Weir Crest Level = (Water surface level at 1st off-take down the
main canal) + (L x S) + hg;
• Where, L = length of main canal from head regulator to 1st off-take
(m); S = Bed slope of MC; hg = Head loss at head regulator (m)
(usually taken as 0.1-0.3 m);
• Water surface level at 1st off-take down MC = Water depth in the MC
+ Peak irrigable land level in the command area + Operational losses
(usually 0.1m)
Weir
B
FB MC
d 1:m d
b
River
Flow
Command

4.3 Fixing Length/width of the weir
Width of a weir will depend on:
• Site conditions and
• Expected flood discharge (whichever governs, but usually measured width holds
true), assuming that the total flood flow is to pass safely over the weir.
• As much as possible maintain existing banks, otherwise river training both on u/s
and d/s sides are required.
4.4 Flow depth over the weir crest
• Flow depth over Free-Overfall weir crest is computed from Qp = CLHe3/2
• Qp = Peak flood discharge in m3/s
• L = effective length of weir crest in m
• He = over flow depth including approaching velocity head in m
• C = discharge coefficient equal to 1.7 for broad crested weir & 2.2 for ogee
• For submerged weir:

Fig: Diversion Weir: Plan

Ha

Hav2
Hav1 Hav3
He Hd

D2 D3
h
d1

B C
C
A B m
A
Submerged/Drowned Weir
1
Section through Free-

Overfall Weir

• He = Hd + Hav; but Hav=Va2/2g
Where, Hd is design head (m); Hav is velocity head (m) and
Va is approaching velocity, Va =Q/A where A is flow cross sectional area
on the crest;
Thus, equating the above equations of approaching velocity, we get:
• Va = Qp / (L*(h+Hd)) and combining these equations, He
=Hd+(Qp/(L*(h+Hd)))2/2g
• Then check that flow is modular over the weir i.e. the ratio H2/H1 (where H1
and H2 are the u/s and d/s head above the weir crest) varies from 0.79 to
0.94 for broad crested weirs with a shallow sloping back (d/s) face, while
for a vertical back face the modular limit varies from 0.67 to 0.92,
depending on the value of the ratio (H2/H1)
4.5 Score Depth & Depths of u/s and d/s cutoffs
Where, R = hydraulic mean depth (from MFL to bottom of cutoff, m);

q = discharge per meter length; and f = Lacey’s silt factor for the
GIRDC
identified bed material (to be29 taken from literature) September 2015
4.6 Permissible afflux/Backwater effect
Afflux = U/s HFL - D/s HFL, < 1m is acceptable
( xs  2  o ) 2
Y
4o

4.7 Fixing Bottom level of weir body
Bottom level of u/s cut-off = u/s HFL – 1.5R
Bottom level of d/s cut-off = d/s HFL – 1.75R
4.8 Determination of Basic Sections of Weir
• Top width of a weir (b),

• But bottom width of a weir shall not be less than:
Where, B = bottom width of the weir, m; P = h = weir height above u/s apron level; He =
overflow depth including approaching velocity head
But take practical value and check for its stability to obtain final dimension.
4.9 Choice of Stilling Basin Type
Criterion for deciding which type of stilling basin to use depends on the maximum
velocity of water (v1) entering the stilling basin, which can be obtained from equation:
V1 = Qm/(Lcxd1); If V < 15 m/sec then use Type I & If V > 15 m/sec then use Type II. Where,
V1 = velocity of approach to stilling basin (m/sec); Q m = Max flood discharge (m3/s); Lc =
Length of crest of diversion weir (m); d1 = Initial depth of jump (m)
Basin Type 1: Plain horizontal basin. Jump occurs on the floor with no chute
blocks, baffle piers or end sill provided. Usually not
recommended because of excessive length
Basin Type 2: This basin is for use with high spillways, large canal structures,
etc., for Froude numbers above 4.5.
Basin Type 3: This basin is for use on small spillways, outlet works & small canal
structures where velocity at u/s end of a basin does not exceed 15
to 18m/s
Basin Type 4: This basin is for use with jumps with Froude numbers between 2.5 and
4.5. This basin reduces excessive waves created by imperfect jumps.
4.10 Bed level of Stilling basin (apron)
Fixed by applying energy equation on u/s & d/s of weir for assumed floor level
of the d/s apron by trial & error or by goal seek (Note: If (D3-D2) lies b/n 0.2 to
0.4 acceptable but if greater adjust it. i.e. RBL + h + Hd + Hav = Z + D1 + Hav1 =
D1+q2/D12/2g after substituting Hav1=V12/(2g) & V1=q/D1s basin level should be
depressed by some level)
Causes of Failure of Weir/Barrage on Permeable Foundation
(i) Failure due to subsurface flow:
a) Piping - result in failure by undermining
b) Uplift Pressure - result in failure by rapture
(ii) Failure by Surface Flow:
a) Hydraulic Jump – result in failure by rapture
b) Scouring During Floods - result in failure by shearing
Remedies for Failure of Weir: Main remedies against failure are:
i. Path of percolation or creep length of seepage water should be increased
either by providing sheet piles at upstream, downstream or at intermediate
point to reduce the hydraulic gradient or increase length of the impervious
layer itself.
ii. Floor thickness should be increased to increase its self-weight to
counterbalance the uplift force.
iii. Energy dissipater blocks like friction blocks, impact blocks, shall be provided.
iv. Inverted filter should be provided with concrete blocks on the top so that the
percolating water does not wash out the soil particles.
v.
GIRDC
Deep foundation like well foundation33 should be provided for barrageSeptember
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s aprons
4.11 Hydraulic Jump within the Basin & Length of d/s Apron
• Hydraulic jump is the jump of water that takes place when a super-critical
flow changes into a sub-critical flow.
• It is a useful phenomenon for Dissipating Energy in irrigation structures;
• Length of the downstream horizontal floor is kept equal to the length of
this jump, which is equal to 5 to 6 times the height of the jump i.e.
4.12 Thickness of Downstream Apron
• To determine the thickness of the apron both dynamic and static case
should be considered:
Where, t = thickness of apron at any point (m); f = factor of safety = 1.3; H max
= differential (maximum) head u/s and d/s head, m; Lc= weighted creep
length total (m), LV =vertical creep length and LH = Horizontal creep length
Required condition: Lc  C*Hmax where C = Percolation coefficient (Bligh’s
creep ratio, to be taken from literature for bed material at the weir site)
Table : Bligh's Safe Hydraulic Gradient for different types of Soils
Value Safe Hydraulic gradient
SN Type of soil of C it should less than
1 Fine micaceous sand 15 1/15
2 Coarse grained sand 12 1/12
3 Sand mixed-with boulder & graver and for loam soil 5 to 9 1/5 to 1/9
4 Light sand and mud 8 1/8
4.13 Exit Gradient (GE) Determination

• It is a gradient of pressure of water at the exit end,
• When upward thrust of seepage flow passing beneath a structure is greater than
submerged weight of soil resisting the upward thrust on the d/s side of end cut off
wall, piping will occur and bed material will be washed upwards and into river flow.
• popular methods for determining GE are : Khosla's Safe Exit Gradient
• For a standard form of structure with a floor length b, vertical cut-off depth d, the
exit gradient at its downstream end is given by

Table: Khosla's Safe Exit Gradient for different Soil types
Type of soil Khosla's Safe Exit Gradient
Shingle/jointed layers 0.25 to 0.20 or 1/4 to 1/5

Course sand 0.20 to 0.17 or 1/5 to 1/5.9
Fine sand 0.17 to 0.14 or 1/5.9 to 1/7.15
4.7 Fixing Length of u/s & d/s Protection Works
• Protective works are required on u/s & d/s of a weir to prevent possibility of
a scour hole moving close to u/s or d/s cutoffs & undermining the structure.
• On u/s side need is due to higher velocities of flow near structure due to
draw down;
• on the d/s side the need is due to the turbulent nature of flow as it leaves
stilling basin to guard against higher than expected exit gradients;
• When a weir is constructed on rock, protection is not required;
• Minimum lengths of stone rip-rap: L =1.25 Du/s (on u/s side) and L =1.5 Dd/s (on
d/s side); Where D is scour depth below the river/channel bed u/s or d/s as
appropriate.
Weir Hydraulic Design (ctd…)
• Note: To obtain an anticipated scour depth of a structure, Rs should be
multiplied by a factor of 1.25 - 2.0 depending on flow conditions at the u/s
and d/s of intended structure respectively.
• Thus the ultimate scour depth below bed level = XR – Y; Where X is a factor
dependent on the type of reach, see table below; Y is the minimum depth
of flow downstream of the structure, in feet, which is usually determined
using Manning’s equation; q is the maximum discharge per unit width in
m2/sec; f is Lacey's silt factor for bed material to be taken from table below.
Table: Values of a factor X as dependent on type of reach

SN Type of Reach Mean value of "X"
1 Straight 1.25
2 Moderate bend 1.50
3 Severe bend 1.75
4 Right angled bend 2.00

5. Design of Head Regulators
5.1 Fixing Intake Level and its type:
• Intake type could be an orifice type or rectangular/square box :
• If the level of intake at a weir is considerably higher than existing RBL then seepage
under the weir, even with a deep vertical cut off and/or an u/s seepage apron may
be considerable. In addition there will be evaporation losses from the pond created
u/s of the weir. In such cases, what shall we do? moving the weir’s location further
upstream sh ould be considered.
5.2 Hydraulic Requirements of Head Regulators
• provide a simple gated orifice intake u/s of scour sluice;
• It should be gated. If not ?
• Gate should be capable of being operated under high pressure of water during
floods. So, should it be located in the wall or on the outer side of the wall?
• Gates may be jammed during floods if not accurately manufactured
• IBL should be below the main weir but above the invert of the scour sluice;
• IBL should be sufficiently below the main weir level to allow the full design flow to
enter the intake for a river water level equal to the main WCL;
• RC breast walls are usually provided to allow orifice flow during floods;
• Thus flow through regulator is proportional to square root of flow depth (i.e. 
h0.5), rather than proportional to the flow depth to the power 1.5 (i.e.  h1.5).
6. Design of Under Sluices
Fixing Bottom Level of Under Sluices
• Usually made some 10 to 20 cm above RBL
• Hydraulic Requirements of scouring sluices under different flow
conditions:
where Cd = 0.6 and ,
and this should be greater than critical velocity
Discharging capacity of under-sluices are selected as follows:

• They should be able to ensure sufficient scouring capacity, for which discharging
capacity should be atleast twice the full supply discharge of MC at its head.
• They should be able to pass dry weather-flow & low floods during the months
excluding rainy season without necessity of dropping weir shutters,
• They should be able to dispose of 10 to 20% of high flood discharge during
severe floods.
Under Sluices(ctd…)

7. Structural Design of weir & wing walls
Forces acting on the weir and on wing walls
• Should we consider all the section or the critical section alone?
• Stability analysis structures need to be checked for different combinations

of flow conditions: for high flood condition and no-over flow condition
• Factor of Safety against sliding, Fs=Fh/Fv< 0.75 or μ*Fv/Fh > 1.25
• Factor of Safety against overturning, Fo=M+/M- > 1.5
• Safety against Tension:
• Safety against Vertical stress Pmax/Pmin:
8. River Training Works
• River training works are required under two scenarios:
• When a weir does not extend over the width of a river or
• when existing width/length cannot accommodate
expected design discharge,
• This comprises embankments and spurs, which may be stone-
protected earthen embankments or gabion structures;
• Need to consider back-water effect to know it length and top
level on the u/s and TWL for the d/s
• Embankments need to be sufficiently high and robust to convey
flood flows over the weir without overtopping or failing;
• They should be designed for a 1 in 25 year flood event where
overtopping and failure of the bunds will not result in
catastrophic failure of the weir and other costly structures;
• Otherwise they should be designed for a 1 in 50 year flood event.

River Training (ctd…)

Marginal Embankments or Dykes: are earthen embankments which are
constructed parallel to river bank on one or both banks according to the
condition.
• Top width is generally 3 to 4 m & side slope is generally 1 ½: 1 to 2:1.
• Height of embankment depends on highest flood level. A suitable margin
is provided b/n toe of the embankment & bank of a river.
• To resist effect of erosion on embankment, wooden piles are driven along
a river banks throughout the length of dyke.
• Length of dyke is protected by boulders pitching with cement grouting &
d/s side is protected by planting turf.
• They are built
(a) to prevent flood water or storage water from entering surrounding area.
(b) to retain the flood water or storage water within a specified section.
(c) to protect the towns and village from devastation during heavy flooding.
(d) to protect valuable agricultural lands from submergence.

• Guide Bank: When a barrage is constructed across a river
which flows through the alluvial soil, guide banks must be
constructed on both approaches to protect the structure from
erosion. It is an earthen embankment with curved head on
both ends.
• It serves:
(a) to protect the barrage from the effect of scouring & erosion.
(b) to control tendency of changing the course of the river.
(c) to control velocity of flow near the structure.


Weir Hydraulic Design (ctd…)
Practical Exercise
Analyzing Effect of Length of Diversion Weir on Cost: To reduce cost of a
diversion weir, width of a weir should be as small as possible. However,
the narrower the weir, the greater the flow intensity and depth of flow
over the weir. Safe energy dissipation downstream of the weir may
therefore be quite expensive. Also, high flow velocities during floods will
transport riverbed material, particularly if comprising gravel and
boulders, which will increase wear and tear on the weir. Thus, Thus,
consider certain practical diversion weir site of narrow length, b=12m and
of wider length, b=20m and justify how far do these ideas compromise.
Ans: Q = CLH3/2 =1.7LH3/2  H=(Q/1.7L)2/3Since Q is same for both, H1 is 1.4
times higher than the 2nd site. Thus, height & thickness of wing walls will
increase by this amount on both sides as well as thickness of apron
including its length will increas e.
Thanks for your attention

Headwork (Diversion Weir) Design - For AGP SSIP-by AberaChala

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FDRE: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PROGRAM

Feasibility Study, Detail Design and Contract Administration of Irrigation Projects

Diversion/Weir Headwork Design

GENERATION INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT

GIRDC G 1 September 2015

GIRDC 2 September 2015

GIRDC 3 September 2015

GIRDC 5 September 2015

GIRDC 8 September 2015

GIRDC 9 September 2015

GIRDC 11 September 2015

GIRDC 17 September 2015

GIRDC 18 September 2015

Which weir type is this

GIRDC 19 September 2015

What have been

GIRDC 20 September 2015

GIRDC 21 September 2015

Fixing TWD is used to

GIRDC 22 September 2015

GIRDC 23 September 2015

GIRDC 24 September 2015

GIRDC 25 September 2015

GIRDC 26 September 2015

Fig: Diversion Weir: Plan

Section through Free-

GIRDC 28 September 2015

Where, R = hydraulic mean depth (from MFL to bottom of cutoff, m);

GIRDC 30 September 2015

• Top width of a weir (b),

4.13 Exit Gradient (GE) Determination

GIRDC 36 September 2015

Shingle/jointed layers 0.25 to 0.20 or 1/4 to 1/5

Table: Values of a factor X as dependent on type of reach

GIRDC 38 September 2015

where Cd = 0.6 and ,

and this should be greater than critical velocity

Discharging capacity of under-sluices are selected as follows:

GIRDC 41 September 2015

• Stability analysis structures need to be checked for different combinations

GIRDC 43 September 2015

GIRDC 44 September 2015

GIRDC 45 September 2015

GIRDC 46 September 2015

GIRDC 47 September 2015

GIRDC 49 September 2015

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