Leadership in IR

an introduction

1st Meeting, 13 September 2021

m. fajar anandi
Let’s do a recap a bit…

What do you know about IR’s theories?

What do you have in mind?
Share it with our class!
Is Togetherness exist in
realism?
First: Realism
Current Affairs: Great
Powers Conflict?
The way USA sees other great powers: Russia and China

• “…The authoritarian practices in Russia and China is

become a real threat for the world…” Former Sec. of
Defence James Mattis

• “China’s economic model lies on a predatory practice in

which intimidates the neighbouring countries and put a
direct threat by its military expansion”

• Russia had openly annexed the Crimea and extended its

border. Furthermore, by its rights of Veto, the rights of the
neighbouring countries are undermined

4
Philosophically

• Thucydides: “Strong do what

they can and the weak suffer
what they must”
• Any major history in the
world is always include a
picture of a war
• Neither ally nor enemy are
eternal, interest will remain.

5
Quiz

Try to conclude Realism in three words

(besides war)!

Pixar's Funniest Cat - Machiavelli | Luca Animation Movie (2021) - YouTube

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 ANARCHY
• What does it
mean?

• In the context of IR,

which picture
explains better?

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Anarchy: Definition
“A condition where international system
has no power or actor over the states
that can force the states to adhere
particular set of rules or norms of
behaviour”

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 What does this picture imply? How can it explain realism?

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Elements

• Statism
• Survival
• Zero-sum game
• Self-help
• Power is the main aim of international
politics
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Statism

• State is where the struggle for order and

security resolved
• States is the main guard of order and
security
• Eventually the states is the main holder of
order and security for the external system
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Survival

“Survival of the fittest”

Does it relevant the realm of international relations?

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Self-Help
•The guarantor of the existence of a state
is the State itself
•Security dilemma is the main recipe for
maintaining peace, security and
ultimately the existence

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Zero Sum interest
UK

Russia

China USA

Can you get what I am trying to explain?

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Power
• What does this
terminology means?

• What can be the types

of power used in the IR?

• Is Power always become

the central of IR
discussion?

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 Watch!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnKEFSVAiNQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Epop9vwK6qk

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What is liberalism?
• Liberalism is the most commonly
accepted alternative to the
theoretical perspective of realism;
• It emphasizes interdependence
between states If more relationship
and cooperation between states
implemented, who need the
military?
Why is it created?
Historically…

• Liberalism was developed in the 1970s, to challenge the

realism. It was believed that the realism has been
irrelevant to explain the contemporary IR;
• Post-war spirit and energy;
• Peace oriented.
What are the driving forces?
GLOBALIZATION

COSMOPOLITANISM
State is in a challenge

• The challengers are coming

• Collective thinking and action
• Civil Society
• Supranational
What are the main picture of liberalism
phenomenon in ir?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UO4r1KEDl1Q

interdependence

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li4TfR1xtZM
The Rising of NSA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7owMXrLu2d8
QUIZ

What can you tell about this picture?

Favours of liberalism

• Economic and Personal

Freedom;
• Bottom-up approach;
• Institutional approach;
• Democracy.
Now, let’s think!

What could be the relation between those

theories and a LEADERSHIP in IR?
Thank You