Water Management

KEY CHECK 6
Avoided excessive water or drought stress that
could affect the growthRICE
and yield of the
COMPETITIVENESS crop FUND
ENHANCEMENT
How important is water…

…to RICE?

…to YOU?
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er.co
flick

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a sc o
aava

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

Water and Soil-Plant-Atmosphere

• temperature
regulation
• nutrient
uptake
• physico-
chemical
processes & gas
exchange
(e.g. CO2 intake)

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 WATER: Its importance
in rice production
• dissolves plant
nutrients, transports
“food,” medium for
photosynthesis &
soil nutrients

• improves nutrient
uptake and corrects
some nutrient
imbalances

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

WATER: Its importance in
rice production
• aids in proper seed
germination

• promotes seedling
vigor, including crop
growth & development

• influences farm
operations (e.g. land
preparation,
harvesting)

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 WATER: Issues and Concerns
Common farmers’ practices wherein
water is not used economically:

• rice paddies remain open

during fallow period until
the first irrigation time
• no definite schedules/
guidelines of irrigation
• paddy to paddy irrigation
and has no ditches
• continuously flooding the
fields throughout the
cropping season
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
 WATER: Issues and Concerns
• “Biased” seasonal & geographic rainfall distribution
- some areas have long dry season, some are endowed
with
sufficient or excessive rainfall
• High cost of irrigation development
• High water requirement to produce rice
BUT, if a field is
About 4,000L well-managed,
of water is only about 2,600L 15-35%
needed to of water is water savings
produce needed
1kg of rice. to produce 1kg of
rice
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
 WATER: Issues and Concerns
• By 2025, it is estimated that 15-20 million hectares of
irrigated rice worldwide will have some degree of water
scarcity.

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Importance of Key Check 6
Insufficient Right amount Too much

drought stress • better nutrient excessive water stress

• low yield uptake and • low yield
- reduced leaf fertilizer efficiency - reduced tillering
area • good plant vigor - stunted growth
- reduced • better snail and - lodging
tillering weed control • higher irrigation cost
- less spikelets • uniform growth (i.e. pump)
and maturity • nutrient imbalance
• low grain quality • more efficient farm • low fertilizer efficiency
- unfilled grains operations • high Greenhouse gas
emission
• low fertilizer
efficiency

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Assessment of Key Check 6

• No symptoms of water stress due

to excessive irrigation water
during vegetative phase.

• No symptoms of water stress due

to drought during vegetative
phase and panicle initiation to
grain filling stage.

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Assessment of Key Check 6
Symptoms of water stress during vegetative
phase
Drought stress Excessive water stress
• reduced tillering
• leaf rolling (<10 tillers per hill)
• smaller leaf area
• leaf tip
• roots are dark
drying colored
• stunted (should have been
reddish brown or
growth lighter)

deep soil cracking for >5 cm water depth for

more than 3 days 7 days or more
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
 Assessment of Key Check 6

Symptoms of drought stress during panicle

initiation to grain filling stage
• leaf rolling
• leaf tip drying
• many unfilled
spikelets
• reduced panicle
exertion

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
1. Attain 2-3cm water level every irrigation at 3-14
DAT or 5-14 DAS.
2. Achieve 5cm water level every irrigation time.
3. Maintain 5cm water level during flowering.
4. Drain water or stop irrigation:
• 1 week before expected date of harvest for
medium-textured soil or during DS
• 2 weeks before expected date of harvest for fine-
textured soil or during WS

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
Attain 2-3 cm water level every
irrigation at 3-14 DAT or 5-14 DAS.
2-3cm
every
irrigation
5c time
m

1c
m

Day 10
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND
 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
Achieve 5cm water level every irrigation time.
5cm
every
irrigation

5cm

1cm

Day 10
Tillering Panicle initiation

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
Maintain 5cm water level during flowering.
5cm

5cm

1cm

Day 10 vegetative reproductive

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
Achieve 5cm water level every irrigation during ripening.
5cm

5cm

1cm

Day 10 110
vegetativ reproductiv ripening
e e

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
Drain water or stop irrigation:
• 1 week before expected date of harvest for medium-
textured soil or during DS
• 2 weeks before expected date of harvest for fine-textured
soil or during WS

5cm

1cm

Day 10 110
vegetativ reproductiv ripening
e e

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
maintain 5cm
2-3cm 5cm 5cm
every irrigation
every
irrigation
every 5cm
irrigation every irrigation

5cm

drai
n
1cm

Day 10 110
vegetative reproductive ripening

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
5. If water is scarce, practice Controlled Irrigation.
During crop growth, practice alternate wetting and drying
(AWD) aided by an observation well.

JLdeDios JLdeDios

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Inpu Outpu Outcom
t t e
• compact • avoided • high yield
bunds water • high grain
• well-leveled stress quality
fields • increased • increased
nutrient input
• proper water
uptake efficiency
level and
efficiency • minimal
correct
• helped damage to
timing of
manage environmen
irrigation
weeds t
and snails

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

PALAYCHECK SYSTEM FOR INBRED RICE SEED PRODUCTION

Water Management

KEY CHECK
6:
Avoided excessive water
or drought stress that
could affect the growth
and yield of the crop

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT22

FUND
Production Assistant:
Mr. Mark Edison Bautista

Technical Reviewers:
Mr. Jovino de Dios; Ms. Kristine Pascual

Courseware Reviewers:
Ms. Lea dR. Abaoag; Ms. Ev Angeles

Note:
Presentation produced in 2019 based on results of a
series of consultation workshops with PhilRice R&D
staff; adapted from instructional presentation
produced by PhilRice in 2011.

You may use, remix, tweak, & build upon this

presentation non-commercially. However, always
use with acknowledgment.

Unless otherwise stated, the names listed are

PhilRice staffers.

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

Review!
Review!

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

What is the assessment for Key Check 6?

• No symptoms of water stress due

to excessive irrigation water
during vegetative phase

• No symptoms of water stress due

to drought during vegetative
phase and PI to grain filling stage

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

 Recommendations to Achieve
Key Check 6
maintain 5cm
2-3cm 5cm 5cm
every irrigation
every
irrigation
every 5cm
irrigation every irrigation

5cm

drai
n
1cm

Day 10 110
vegetative reproductive ripening

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

Why do we need to stop irrigating or drain
the field 1–2 weeks before harvesting?

Answer:
• for uniform grain maturity
• to help achieve desired gain
moisture content
• to facilitate harvest operations
• to help conserve water

RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND

THANK YOU
RICE COMPETITIVENESS ENHANCEMENT FUND