Public Switched

Telephone Network
&
Communication
Technologies
Place Your Picture Here

Dr.J.Shiny Duela
Associate Professor
 Public Switched Telephone Network
• An information unit in the GSTN is a call
1st • The GSTN has a global addressing scheme to
uniquely identify an end device
• an end device is commonly referred to as a
telephone, while a more generic term is customer
premise equipment (CPE).
• The global addressing scheme is known as E.164
addressing.
2 nd • It is a hierarchical addressing scheme that
identifies the country code at the top level
followed by the city or area code, and finally the
number assigned to a subscriber.
• Nodes in the GSTN are called switches that are
connected by inter-machine trunks (IMTs), also
known as trunkgroups.
• From a protocol architecture point of view, and using
3 rd the OSI reference model, GSTN can be simply summed
up as consisting of the application layer, network layer,
and physical layer.
• The application layer enables the telephone service, the
network layer handles addressing and routing, while the
physical transmission system carries the actual signal
for voice communication.
• From a service architecture perspective, it provides the
service model of blocked-calls-cleared mode using
4 th circuit switching.
• Circuit switching - for a call requesting to be connected,
a dedicated path is to be established instantaneously on
demand from the source to the destination.
• The dedicated path is a dedicated circuit with a specific
bandwidth allocated—this value is 4 kilo-Hertz (kHz) in
an analog circuit and 64 Kbps in a wireline digital
circuit.
 Public Switched Telephone Network

The bandwidth of the circuit cannot

be used by any other calls as long as
this call is actively using it.

Blocked-calls-cleared mode means that

if the sequence of trunkgroups on all
possible paths attempted from the
source to destination does not have a Typically, a blocked call is indicated
circuit available for this call, then the through a fast-busy tone. Certainly, a
call request is blocked and cleared user may retry.
from the system (not queued).
 Communication Technologies
• Communication technologies
are used for carrying network
layer services, whether for the
Internet or GSTN.
• In this sense, communication
technologies provide transport
services for both the Internet
and GSTN.
• On top of cabling, a set of digital
communication technologies can be
provided; for example, SONET,
T1/E1, T3/E3 and so on with well-
defined data rates.
• To provide transport services,
transport networks are deployed that
may be based on one or more
communication technologies.
• At the real physical (duct) level
though,fibers or coaxial cables are
used for wired transport services.
• cables are either buried underground,
or carried overground on poles;
submarine cabling is used for
connecting different continents
• the communication technologies reside mostly at layer
1, and sometimes in layer 2.
• Thus, instead of thinking about routing “purely” at the
network layer (layer 3), routing problems also arise
below layer 3 for transport network providers.
Thank You