Philippines. He is officially regarded as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia. He served as the leader of the Philippine forces against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution and the Spanish– American War. He was also a prolific military leader against the United States during the Philippine–American War. Pagkatapos ay, Hinirang na Kalihim Panloob ni Gob. Hen. Wood noong 1923 at naging Associate Justice noong 1935. Nanungkulan siya bilang Pangulo ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman nang sumiklab ang Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig at itinalaga siyang Kalihim ng Katarungan ni Quezon bago lumisan. . He was vice president under Manuel L. Quezon. Upon Quezon's sudden death in 1944, Osmeña succeeded him at age 65, becoming the oldest person to assume the Philippine presidency until Rodrigo Duterte took office in 2016 at age 71. A founder of the Nacionalista Party, Osmeña was also the first Visayan to become president. Manuel Roxas (1892-1948) was the last president of the Commonwealth and the first president of the Republic of the Philippines. His administration demonstrated decisively that political sovereignty without economic independence encourages reaction, perpetuation of social injustices, and exploitation. Elpidio Rivera Quirino (born Elpidio Quirino y Rivera; Tagalog: [ˈkiɾino]; November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the sixth president of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953 Carlos P. Garcia (1896-1971) was the fourth president of the Republic of the Philippines. He was noted for the enunciation of the Filipino First Policy, intended to complete and guarantee Philippine economic independence and sovereignty. During his presidency, Quezon tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. His other major decisions include the reorganization of the islands' military defense, approval of a recommendation for government reorganization, the promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, dealing with the foreign stranglehold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform, and opposing graft and corruption within the government. He established a government-in-exile in the U.S. with the outbreak of World War II and the threat of Japanese invasion. The Philippines is far away and the country’s political culture is not well known in France. Rodrigo Duterte, the "strong man" of Manila, is the typical example of a leader who came to power through the ballot box but whose exercise of power, of unprecedented brutality, breaks with democratic traditions. Macapagal was admitted to the bar in 1936. During World War II he practiced law in Manila and aided the anti-Japanese resistance. After the war he worked in a law firm and in 1948 served as second secretary to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C. Philippine president Ferdinand Edralin Marcos (1917-1989) began his career in politics with the murder of Julio Nalundasan in 1935, and ended it with the murder of Benigno Aquino, Jr., in 1983. Some believe his entire life was based on fraud, deceit, and plunder, and his two decades as president have come to epitomize the worst excesses of autocratic rule. Corazon “Cory” Aquino went from a shy law school student, to the first female president of the Philippines. Supported by the People Power Revolution, Aquino successfully ran a peaceful movement that eventually led her to become TIME Magazine’s Person of the Year in 1986. The only other woman that received that honor at the time was Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. Served in the Philippines Armed Forces from 1951-91; Commander of the Philippine Constabulary, 1970-72; Deputy armed forces Chief of Staff, 1972-86; Army chief of staff, 1986-88; Secretary of defense, 1988-92. In 1998 Estrada ran for president, though his candidacy faced significant opposition. Ramos, who was constitutionally barred from running for a second term, endorsed House Speaker José de Venecia, and many of the country’s powerful businessmen opposed Estrada’s populist proposals. Macapagal and his wife, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was born as Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on 5 April 1947 in San Juan, Rizal, Philippines, to politician Diosdado Evangelina Macaraeg Macapagal. She is the sister of Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal Jr. Benigno Aquino III, in full Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III, also called Noynoy, (born February 8, 1960, Manila, Philippines—died June 24, 2021, Manila), Filipino politician who served as president of the Philippines (2010–16) and was the scion of a famed political family.