Presented To:

Mr. Muhammad
Riaz Khan
Presented By:
Fatima (SP19-BBA-020)
Mashaal (FA18-BBA-033)
Maryam (Fa18-BBA-017)
Sabahat (Fa18-BBA-011)

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 E-learning Challenges
During COVID-19
Pandemic: A Case of
Higher Education
Commision of Pakistan 
Introduction 
• •The global authorities made decisions and prompted the educational
sector to prevent the pandemic from spreading and maintaining
physical distancing (Maatuk et al., 2021).
• •Educational sector has changed drastically, switching completely to
virtual mode from traditional learning methods in most of the
countries (Mahyoob, 2020).
• •E-learning is referred as formalized learning and training which is
delivered through electronic resources i-e. computer technologies
and internet (Aboagye E., Yawson, J.A., & Appiah, 2020)

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 Introduction
• •The transformation of physical education and
learning to e-learning has created multiple issues and
challenges (Rawford et al., 2020).
• •Learners face difficulty to engage in virtual learning
as it is necessary to have self-motivation which is
rarely found in learners (Pellegrini, Mirella, Vladimir
Uskov, &Casalino, 2020).
• •Studies also showed that characteristic of systems,
inexperience of using internet and self efficacy in
using computer systems are the main issues that
hinder the successful adoption of e-learning systems
in Pakistan (Kanwal and Rehman, 2017). 

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Why challenges in e-learning occurred during
COVID-19

• The economic and psychological factors  possess a great challenge to

conduct the process of e-learning in Covid-19. (Kasih, 2020). 
• •Many students could not buy or afford the devices required to carry out
e-learning as majority belongs to poor or lowincome families in under
developed countries. (Fry & Cilluffo, 2019).
• •home environment was also a challenge as the students can easily get
distracted from their tasks by their family members or others which can
cause the students not being able to meet the required deadlines.
(Sangster et al. 2020).  
Why challenges in e-learning occurred during
COVID-19
• Lack of the teacher student
interaction also caused challenges
as many students understand well
when they interact with the
instructors face-to-face.(Britt,
2006).
• •Many higher education institutions
failed in the implementation of
proper e-learning mechanism
because of their poor strategies,
high technological cost , resistance
offered to change and poor delivery
of curriculum. (Elloumi, 2004;
Saadé, 2003). This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.
Challenges for
Students 
• Learning practical courses (Elhaty,
Elhadary, Elgamil, Kilic; 2020)
• Impact on student’s
involvement (Kombe&Mtonga,
2021)
• Increase in
Expense(Simamora,2020)
• Lack of Technical
requirements(Efriana, 2021)
• Increase psychological problems in
students(Xu & Jaggars, 2013)
• Lack of Student Feedback(Mukhtar ,
Javed , Arooj , Seth, 2020)

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 Challenges for
Teachers 
• Communication Barrier and
Resistance to Change (Atay, 2016)
• Difficulties in Evaluation of
Students  (Oncu & Cakir, 2011)
• Acceptance of e-learning (Garcia
et al., 2010)
• Dual Role or Responsibilities While
Teaching Virtually
Challenges for Parents 

• Impact on
Routine (Siahaan, 2021)
• Monitoring the
children (Bhamani et al.,
2020)
• Economic
Pressure(Siahaan, 2021) This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.
Challenges for Educational
Administration
• Financial Constraints and sustainability
issues (Manro, Sighn, Joshi, 2012; Sabi,2014)
• Lack of ICT Skills needed (Nyerere, Gravenir,
Mse,2012;Tarus, Gichoya, Muumbo, 2015)
• Sudden change and resistance faced by the
administration (Almaiah et al., 2020)
• Content design and development of
materials (Ellis, Reilly, Debreceny, 1998)
• Other Technological Challenges (Chua & Dyson,
2004)
 Target Population and Sampling Technique
• Qualitative research design
Research • Semi structured interviews
• Attock, Rawalpindi and Islamabad
Methodolog Higher Education Institute
y • Target population of research will
be 20 i.e. 5 per stakeholder
• Purposive Sampling
 Analysis Technique
and Interview
Structure
• Thematic analysis
• Identified common ideas,
themes and meanings that
were coming up repeatedly
from the questions asked
• Inductive approach 
• Semi structure interviews
• Point of Saturation

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 References
Aboagye, E., Yawson, J. A., & Appiah, K. N. (2021). COVID-19 and E-learning:
The challenges of students in tertiary institutions. Social Education
Research, 1-8. 
Aung, T. N., & Khaing, S. S. (2015, August). Challenges of implementing e-
learning in developing countries: A review. In International conference on
genetic and evolutionary computing (pp. 405-411). Springer, Cham. 
Fry, R., & Cilluffo, A. (2019). A rising share of undergraduates are from poor
families, especially at less selective colleges.
Gautam, P. (2020). Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Learning-
eLearning Industry. Retrieved February, 17, 2021. 
Iqbal, M. Z., & Campbell, A. G. (2021). Covid-19 and challenges for learning-
technology adoption in Pakistan. Interactions, 28(2), 8-9. 
Jiang, S. (2020). Psychological well-being and distress in adolescents An
investigation intoassociations with poverty, peer victimization, and self-
esteem. Children and Youth Services Review, 111, 104824 
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 References
• Lara, J. A., Lizcano, D., Martínez, M. A., Pazos, J., & Riera, T. (2014). A
systemfor knowledge discovery in e-learning environments within the
European Higher Education Area–Application to student data from Open
University of Madrid, UDIMA. Computers & Education, 72, 23-36. 
• Mahyoob, M. (2020). Challenges of e-Learning during the COVID-19
Pandemic Experienced by EFL Learners. Arab World English Journal
(AWEJ), 11(4). 
• Wains, S. I., & Mahmood, W. (2008, October). Integrating m-learning with e-
learning. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGITE conference on Information
This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
technology education (pp. 31-38). 
• Wang, X. Y., Li, G., Malik, S., & Anwar, A. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on
achieving the goal of sustainable development: E-learning and educational
productivity. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 1-17.