COMPUTER NETWORKING

HOLIDAY
HOMEWORK

NAME - NAITIK
CLASS - 8B
SUBJECT - COMPUTER
TEACHER – RIZWAN
SIR
 COMPUTER NETWORK
A computer network is a collection of network and
their peripheral device connected by
communication(wired or wireless).
A network is defined as a group of device that are
linked together to share information , data and
resource .
Computer which is not connected to any network
is known as stand alone computer and a computer
to a network is known as a node or workstation
 COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK
The components required to build a network are -:
Sender
Receiver
Transmission medium
Message
 Protocol
 NETWORKING DEVICE
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
-> The NIC joins a computer to a
network and allow it to communicate
with other computer on the network
HUB
-> A Hub is a networking device that allow
us to connect multiple computer to a
single network. A hub work on the
physical layer.
 SOME MORE NETWORKING DEVICE
MODEM
-> Modem is a device which is used to
transmit data over a network. Modem
is the short form of modulator-demodulator.
GATEWAY
-> A gateway is a network device that allow
to data to flow between two different
network which may use different protocol.
ROUTER
-> A router is used when multiple device
need to connect to the internet using
same IP. It works on the network layer.
REPEATER
-> The repeater regenrate the input
signals and amplifies only the
desired signal reducing noise
component of the signals.
 TYPE OF NETWORK
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
-> PAN refers to the privately owned network. Pan is
used to establish the communication amongst the
computer within the range of 20 to 30 feet.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
-> LAN is a digital communication
system that interconnect a larger
number of computer and other
peripheral devices within a radius of less than 1 km.
CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN)
-> CAN connect two or more LANs
that are limited to specific
geographical area. For ex college,
campus , Office building etc.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
-> MAN consists of two or more
local area network or campus
area network together that
usually spans several building
in the same city or town.
WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
-> WAN covers a wide geographical
area .The most popular example of
wan is the internet a collection
of an infinite number of computer
spread across the world
 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
CLIENT SERVER NETWORK
-> This is the most efficient network
architecture that consisting of two
part: client system and server system .

PEER TO PEER NETWORK

-> An alternative to the client
server approach is the peer
peer approach. There are no
dedicated server.
 TOPOLOGIES
Topology or structure is the layout of the connection
formed between computer. The efficiency and
reliability of a network is determined by its structure.
In other word, topology refers to the geometric
arrangement of computer or nodes in a network. In
some network structure, a single computer is
designated as the control computer, or the server. The
server directs traffic and maintains order in the
network. Other in the network structure require no
server. Let us now look at the main network structure.
BUS TOPOLOGY
-> In this topology, all the nodes
are connected to a single common
path. It is simple and easy to maintain.
STAR TOPOLOGY
-> In this topology, central nodes
act as a hub to which all the
other nodes are connected. As
compared to the bus topology ,
star topology requires more devices and cable.
RING TOPOLOGY
-> In this topology, all the nodes are
connected in a circular path. The
messages travel in clockwise or anti
clock wise direction. Any damage to
the cable of any node or device can
result in breakdown of the whole network.
MESH TOPOLOGY
-> In this topology, every single node
in a network is connected to all the
other node or computer in the
network. There is minimal chances
of breakdown in this topology..