15CSE202 Object oriented Programming

15CSE202 Object Oriented Programming

Lecture 3

Overview of JDK

Nalinadevi Kadiresan
CSE Dept.
Amrita School of Engg.
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HelloWorld Java program - Recap

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HelloWorld Program
public class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
} • Save this file as HelloWorld.java
• To compile: javac HelloWorld.java
• To execute: java HelloWorld
• Output: Hello world

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Compiling and Running

javac HelloWorld.java
HelloWorld.java
compile

source code
HelloWorld.class

bytecode
java HelloWorld
run
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JavaSE/JDK
• Before you can develop an application written in the Java
programming language, you will need the
Java Platform Standard Edition (Java SE) development kit.

• It has the necessary Java Virtual Machine (JVM), core

Application Programming Interfaces (API)s, and the
compiler you'll need for most and perhaps all of your
development.

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Java SE/JDK

• The JDK includes a compiler and an

interpreter
• The compiler for Java language to
generate the architecture- natural
bytecodes.
• The interpreter executes the
standalone java application.
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Java SE/JDK
• JDK consists of Java Runtime Environment(JRE) +
compiler, debuggers

JRE

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JRE
Java Runtime Environment(JRE):
• It is used to provide runtime environment.
• It is the implementation of JVM.
• It physically exists.
• It contains set of libraries + other files that JVM uses
at runtime.
 15CSE202 Object oriented Programming

JVM
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine. It is a specification that
provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed.

JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms. JVM, JRE and
JDK are platform dependent because configuration of each OS differs. But,
Java is platform independent.

•The JVM performs following main tasks:

• Loads code
• Verifies code
• Executes code
• Provides runtime environment
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JVM
Java program at run time
Classloader: is the subsystem of JVM that
is used to load class files.

Bytecode Verifier: checks the code fragments

for illegal code that can violate access right to
objects.
Interpreter: read bytecode stream then execute the
instructions.

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JVM Architecture

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JVM Architecture
1. Class Loader: The class loader is a subsystem used for loading class files. It
performs three major functions viz. Loading, Linking, and Initialization.
2. Method Area: JVM Method Area stores class structures like metadata, the
constant runtime pool, and the code for methods.
3. Heap: All the Objects, their related instance variables, and arrays are stored in
the heap. This memory is common and shared across multiple threads.
4. JVM language Stacks: Java language Stacks store local variables, and it’s
partial results. Each thread has its own JVM stack, created simultaneously as
the thread is created. A new frame is created whenever a method is invoked,
and it is deleted when method invocation process is complete.
5. PC Registers: PC register store the address of the Java virtual machine
instruction which is currently executing. In Java, each thread has its separate
PC register.

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JVM Architecture
5. Native Method Stacks: Native method stacks hold the instruction of
native code depends on the native library. It is written in another
language instead of Java.
6. Execution Engine: It is a type of software used to test hardware,
software, or complete systems. The test execution engine never carries
any information about the tested product.
7. Native Method interface: The Native Method Interface is a
programming framework. It allows Java code which is running in a JVM
to call by libraries and native applications.
8. Native Method Libraries: Native Libraries is a collection of the Native
Libraries(C, C++) which are needed by the Execution Engine.

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C program Compilation and

Execution

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Java Program Compilation and

Execution

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Java Program Compilation and

Execution
• The Java VM or Java Virtual Machine resides on the RAM.
• During execution, using the class loader the class files are brought on
the RAM.
• The BYTE code is verified for any security breaches.

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Java Program Compilation and

Execution
• Next, the execution engine will convert the Bytecode into Native machine code.
– This is just-in-time compiling(JIT).
• It is one of the main reason why Java is comparatively slow.
• It interprets part of the Byte Code that has similar functionality at the
same time.

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Java vs Python
Java Python
Java is a compiled language Python is a interpreted language

Java is a OO language Python is a multi-paradigm

language – OO and functional

Java is statically typed (Type Python is dynamically typed

checking at compile time) (Type checking at runtime)
Java implements concurrency Python implements concurrency
with multithreading at process level.

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Java vs Python – Execution

Speed

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Java vs Python – Legacy system

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Java vs Python – practical agility

• Refactoring is a controlled technique for improving the design of an

existing code base.
• small, manageable steps that incrementally increase the cleanliness
of code while still maintaining the functionality of the code
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Java vs Python
• Choosing which language to goes with depends on
your company’s needs, and which setbacks you’re
willing to accept.

– While Java churns out higher performance speed, Python is

more suited to evolve legacy systems.

– When it comes to practical agility, Java is a more proven

option, while Python has more flexibility for experimentation.

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Java vs Python

Courtesy: https://stackify.com/java-vs-python/
https://www.edureka.co/blog/java-vs-python/

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Supplemental reading
• Getting Started
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/getStarted/index.html

• Nuts and bolts of the Java Language

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/index.html

• Compiling and Running a Simple Program

http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/Programming/
BasicJava1/compile.html
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Object Oriented Development

• First Goal: Model the objects of the world
– Noun-oriented
– Focus on the domain of the program
• Phases
– Object-Oriented Analysis: understand the domain
• Define an object-based model of it
– Object-Oriented Design: Define an implementation
• Design the solution
– Object-Oriented Programming: Build it

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Next Session will be

Object Oriented Analysis

June 2019 Nalinadevi Kadiresan