Lecture 1

Organization
The Important Component

Instructor:
Engr. Sumrin Mehak

Organizational Behavior - Lecture One UET, Taxila

Organizational Behavior

Organization
+
Behavior

Organizational Behavior - Lecture One

UET, Taxila
What are the most Important assets in any organization?

PEOPLE

Organizational Behavior - Lecture One

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Organization
A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of
two or more people, that functions on a relatively
continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of
goals.
Examples???

Organizational Behavior - Lecture One

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Behavior
Developing managers’ interpersonal skills also helps
organizations attract and keep high-performing
employees. Regardless of labor market conditions,
outstanding employees are always in short supply.
Having managers with good interpersonal skills is
likely to make the workplace more pleasant, which in
turn makes it easier to hire and keep qualified people.
So…

Organizational Behavior - Lecture One

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Organizational Behavior
OB is the study of factors that affect how individuals
and groups act in organizations and how organizations
manage their environments.

Definition: The study of human behavior, attitudes,

and performance in organizations.

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Organizational Behavior
Contd…
What is OB?
The study of human behavior in a workplace.

Applications of OB theories:
Promote the well-being of the employees
Evaluate solutions proposed by consultants and
managers
Predict what will happen in your organization
Influence the direction of your organization

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Organizational Behavior
Contd…
Why do we study OB?

Learn how to deal with others

Learn how to act in certain situations
Being a part of any organization
Team work
Managers or entrepreneurs

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Organizational Behavior
Contd…

OB provides a set of tools that provide:

People to understand, Managers to improve, enhance, or

change work behaviors so that
analyze, and describe individuals, groups, and the whole
behaviors in organizations. organization can achieve their goals.

Organizational Behavior - Lecture One

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Nature of OB

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Importance of OB
OB provides a road map to our lives in organizations.
OB uses scientific research to understand and make organization
life, as it helps to predict what people will do under various
conditions
It helps to influence organizational events – to understand and
predict events
It helps individual understand herself/ himself in better fashion.
It helps manager to manage human resources effectively e.g.
Motivation
It helps organizations for maintaining cordial industrial relations.
It is also useful in the field marketing.

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Management Roles

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Management Functions
Managers get things done through other people. They
make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities
of others to attain goals.
Managers define the organizational goals and the means to
achieve them. (Planning)
Managers are also responsible for designing an
organization’s structure. (Organizing)
Every organization contains people, and it is management’s
job to direct and coordinate those people (Leading)
Management monitors, compares, and modifies the goal
plans. (Controlling)
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Management Skills
Technical skills
The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise.
Human skills
The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other
people, both individually and in groups.
Conceptual skills
The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex
situations.

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Major behavioral science disciplines that
contribute to OB.
Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes
change the behavior of humans and other animals.
Social psychology generally considered a branch of
psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and
sociology to focus on peoples’ influence on one another.
(change)
Sociology studies people in relation to their social
environment or culture.
Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about
human beings and their activities.
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Organizational Behavior - Lecture One
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OB Model
Inputs
Inputs are the variables like personality, group
structure, and organizational culture that lead to
processes.
These variables set the stage for what will occur in an
organization later. Many are determined in advance of
the employment relationship.

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OB Model
Contd…
Inputs
 Individual level
 Diversity
 Personality
 Values
 Group Level
 Group structure
 Group roles
 Team responsibilities
 Organizational Level
 Structure
 Culture

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OB Model
Contd…
Processes
Processes are actions that individuals, groups, and
organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead
to certain outcomes.
Individual level
 emotions and moods, motivation, perception, and decision making.
Group level
 communication, leadership, power and politics, and conflict and
negotiation.
Organizational level
 human resource management and change practices.

Organizational Behavior - Lecture One

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OB Model
Contd…
Outcomes

Outcomes are the key variables that you want to explain or predict, and that
are affected by some other variables.
Individual Level
Attitudes and
 stress
Task performance
Citizenship behavior
Withdrawal behavior
Group Level

Group cohesion


Group
 functioning
Organizational Level

Productivity


Survival


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Organizational Behavior - Lecture One
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Relay Assembly Test Room
Experiment:
This phase aimed at knowing not only the impact of illumination on
production but also other factors like length of the working day, rest
hours, and other physical conditions. In this experiment, a small
homogeneous work-group of six girls was constituted. These girls were
friendly to each other and were asked to work in a very informal
atmosphere under the supervision of a researcher.

Productivity and morale increased considerably during the period of the

experiment. Productivity went on increasing and stabilized at a high level
even when all the improvements were taken away and the pre-test
conditions were reintroduced.

The researchers concluded that socio-psychological factors such as

feeling of being important, recognition, attention, participation,
cohesive work-group, and non-directive supervision held the key for
higher productivity.
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Mass Interview Programme
Experiment:
The objective of this programme was to make a systematic study of
the employees’ attitudes which would reveal the meaning which
their “working situation” has for them. The researchers
interviewed a large number of workers with regard to their
opinions on work, working conditions and supervision.
Initially, a direct approach was used whereby interviews asked
questions considered important by managers and researchers.
The researchers observed that the replies of the workmen were
guarded. Therefore, this approach was replaced by an indirect
technique, where the interviewer simply listened to what the
workmen had to say.
The findings confirmed the importance of social factors at work
in the total work environment.
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