Continuation…

Cause, Effect and Control Measure

a. AIR POLLUTION
b. WATER POLLUTION
c. SOIL POLLUTION
d. MARINE POLLUTION

e.NOISE POLLUTION
f. THERMAL POLLUTION
g. NUCLEAR HAZARD

Prepared by: Allen Rey T. Ticar

 Noise Pollution
 Noise pollution is the disturbance of the
e n v i ro n m e n t w i t h v e r y l o u d u n c o o r d i n a t e d
s o u n d s t h a t a re m o s t i r r i t a t i n g .

 Any unwanted, disturbing or harmful sound

t h a t i m p a i r s o r i n t e r f e re s w i t h h e a r i n g ,
c a u s e s s t re s s , h a m p e r s c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d
work efficiency or causes accidents called
noise pollution.
Noise pollution is an invisible danger, it cannot be seen, but
present nonetheless, both on land and under the sea. Noise
pollution is considered to be any unwanted or disturbing
sound that affects the health and well-being of humans and
other organism.

Sounds is measured in decibels.

85 decibels or higher can harm a person`s ear.

Sound is produce when an object vibrates creating a wave

 Causes
 Public/Private Transportation Vehicle- these are one of the daily
causes of noise pollution in our streets, public hi-way.
 Industrial Machinery- there are so many various example of
industrial machinery that creates severe disturbing and hazardous
sounds in industrial workers
 Construction Sites- we all know that every construction area uses
huge equipment as part of their job like pay loader, crane, cement
mixer, bulldozer
 Loud speaker- using loud speaker in public or private areas like
residential, commercial, establishments, public market
 Big events- we all love celebrating big events such as birthday,
anniversaries, house parties, festivals
 Sonar devices
loudest sound under the oceans.
sonar is a technique that uses sound
propagation (usually
under water, as in submarine navigation),
to navigate, measure distances
(ranging), communicate with or defect
objects on or under the surface of the
water.
 Effects
……It might be tempting to think that noise isn’t a serious health
issue, after all, It’s just noise. It won’t kill us… right?

 High blood pressure

 Heart diseases
 Stress
 Noise Induce Hearing Loss (HIHL)
 Harmful to whales and dolphins
 Control Measure
 Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating sources is an
effective solution for noise pollution
 Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can effectively reduce the noise
pollution
 Buildings can be designed with suitable noise absorbing material for the walls,
windows and ceilings
 Workers be provided with equipment's such as ear plugs and earmuffs for
hearing protection.
 Similar to automobiles, lubrication of the machinery and servicing should be
done to minimize noise generation.
 Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to block unwanted noise from
the outside
 Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage of play loudspeakers in
in crowded areas.
 Factories and industries should be located far from the
residential areas.

 Community development or urban management be done with

an aim to reduce noise pollution

 Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate the

public about the cause and effects of noise pollution
Continuation…

Cause, Effect and Control Measure

a. AIR POLLUTION
b. WATER POLLUTION
c. SOIL POLLUTION
d. MARINE POLLUTION
e. NOICE POLLUTION

f.THERMAL
POLLUTION
g. NUCLEAR HAZARD
Thermal Pollution
 Thermal pollution is the discharge of heated water

 Pollution occurs when an industry removes water from a

source(river)., uses the water for cooling purposes, and then
returns the heated water to its source. Power plant heat water
to convert it into steam, to drive the turbines that generates
electricity. For efficient functioning of the steam turbines, the
steam is condensed into water after it leaves the turbines. This
condensation is done by taking water from a water body to
absorb heat. This heated water, witch is at least 15 degrees
celsius higher than the normal is later discharge back into the
water.
 Major Causes
 Atomic power plants
Nuclear power plants release an oversized quantity of unused heat traces of an
virulent radio nuclear into close water stream.

 Industrial effluents
(Petroleum Refineries, pulp and paper mills and smelters
industries producing electricity require a great deal of cooling
water for warmth removal. Alternative industries like textile, pulp, paper, and sugar
business conjointly release heat
in water.
 Domestic sewage
Domestic sewage is commonly discharged into rivers, canals and lakes without
waste treatment.

Effect
Effects of Thermal pollution includes:
 Decrease in the amount of dissolve oxygen in the water
Damage to larvae and eggs of fish in rivers
Killing of some species of fish

 Drastic change of Temperature of water

killing off macroinvertibrates that have limited tolerance
for temp.

 Chemical exposure
Migration of living entities from their environment in order to
survive
 Control Measure
 Cooling Ponds
cooling ponds or reservoirs represent the best technique of
dominant thermal charges. This often the best and most cost- effective
technique which helps in losing the heat of the water to low
substantial temp.
Cooling Towers
Cooling towers are made to regulate the temp. of water.
Cooling towers are availed to dissipate the recovered waste heat
thus to eliminate the issue of pollution.
Artificial Lakes
these are artificial bodies of water that supply attainable
various to once through cooling. The warmth is eventually dissipated
through vaporization. These artificial lakes have to compelled to be
rejuvenated ceaselessly.
Continuation…

Cause, Effect and Control Measure

a. AIR POLLUTION
b. WATER POLLUTION
c. SOIL POLLUTION
d. MARINE POLLUTION
e. NOICE POLLUTION
f. THERMAL POLLUTION

g.NUCLEAR HAZARD
 Cause, Effect and Control Measure
 NUCLEAR HAZARD
 Risk or danger to human health or the environment exposed
by the radiation emanating from the atomic nuclei is called
as nuclear hazard. It is an actual or potential release of
radioactive material at a commercial nuclear power
plant or a transportation accident.
Causes of Nuclear Pollution

Nuclear Attacks
1.

 The use of nuclear weapons and

atomic bombs, a form of
nuclear energy, shows not just
the cause but also the harmful
effects of radioactive waste and
contamination.
Causes of Nuclear Pollution

 2. Weapon Testing
 Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out
to determine the effectiveness, yield, and explosive
capability of nuclear weapons
 It offers practical information about how the
weapons function, as well as how detonations are
affected by different conditions; and how
personnel, structures, and equipment are affected
when subjected to nuclear explosions.
Causes of Nuclear Pollution

 3. Nuclear disasters
 A tsunami-followed earthquake caused
significant damage to the primary facilities
and supplementary generators. Inadequate
planning to deal with an accident of this
magnitude has also been a factor contributing
to explosions of hydrogen and the leakage of
radioactive material into groundwater. The more
recent incident nuclear disaster at Fukushima Daichii on 11 March 2011.
Causes of Nuclear Pollution
 4. Radioisotopes
 Radioisotopes are used in the manufacturing of detectors
and in other industries. Isotopes like uranium have heavy
radiation concentrations in them. Natural isotopes such as
carbon-containing radioactive particles are easily detected
via sewage lines in rivers. Since most of the toxic sludge is
untreated before disposal, the isotope mixes with other
compounds and elements found in water once released. It is
the same water people are employing for home use. Fishes
often use the same habitat for protection. Consumption of
these fishes and from sources of polluted water requires
possible radiation consumption.
Causes of Nuclear Pollution

5. Nuclear Waste disposal
 These consist mainly of nuclear weapons waste, nuclear plant
cleaning materials, military installations, plutonium production
released, and other hospital and laboratory radioisotopes.
 Their results difficult to predict but they cannot be clearly
distinguished as the radioactivity can also pollute and spread through
the air, water, and soil. In fact, it is not easy to classify locations of any
radioactive waste. The key concern is that the waste from radiation
cannot be chemically or biologically destroyed or processed. The only
choices are either to contain or dilute the waste storage in fully shut
containers that are coated with plutonium-protective materials (such
as Pb).
Effects of Nuclear Pollution
 With so many causes of nuclear
pollution, there are adverse effects of
them as well. These effects can be seen
evidently in every organism. Either it is
bacteria, plants, or human beings. No
one is spared from the adversity of
nuclear pollution.
Effects of Nuclear Pollution
 Radiation sickness is quite common. One feels the
fatigue and vomiting and loss of appetite. There is a
different level of doses that have various effects. At
around 600 rems loss of hair and immunity can be
experienced. Radiation can change the structure of
cells and genes and structure of multiplying cells of
the body of different organisms like lymphoid,
intestines, and embryo.
Effects of Nuclear Pollution
 If someone is exposed to the radiations
from distance, he or she may not show
symptoms immediately. However, they
have the tendency of developing cancer or
cell mutation. These cell mutations can be
easily transferred to the next generation
which we had seen in Japan and
Chernobyl.
Effects of Nuclear Pollution
 On average, a person is exposed to the
radiation of 180 millirem
concentration. This is calculated in
one year from various exposures like
natural radiations, medical and
dental x-rays, airport baggage x-rays,
and color TVs.
Effects of Nuclear Pollution
 The dissipation of radiation in the atmosphere
does not happen spontaneously. It tends to
remain in the environment for quite some time.
Most of the water sources will be affected.
Therefore, it can estimated take years to
eliminate the radiation from the environment to
make it completely habitable. Foetuses are
affected with cancers and birth defects. Their
life span is short as well.
Ways To Help Stop Nuclear

 Switch to a green electricity tariff – don’t buy

nuclear electricity
 Give up Incandescent light bulbs
 Save energy around the house
 Use Energy saving electrical goods
 Use a solar clothes dryer
 Put more insulation in your loft
 Insulate Cavity Walls