EXPERIMENT NO.

1
STEAM GENERATING UNIT
MEMBERS Group 2

Joson Angelo Roman

Donado Brian
Dumalay jr. Manuel R.
Escote Cedric Jewel
Hugo Ian Leigh
Juan Patrick
DelaCruz Ralph Van Andrei
Legatona Arlee
Labudlay Michael
WHAT IS STEAM GENERATING
UNIT?
 TRADITIONALLY KNOWN AS A BOILER
A BOILER IS AN ENCLOSED CONTAINER THAT PROVIDES A MEANS FOR
HEAT OF COMBUSTION TO BE TRANSFERRED INTO THE WORKING
MEDIA(WATER) UNTIL IT BECOMES STEAM.

OPEN VESSELS, GENERATING STEAM AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ARE

NOT CONSIDERED TO BE BOILER.

THE HEAT IS GENERATED IN THE FURNACE PART OF THE BOILER,

WHERE FUEL IS COMBUSTED. IT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE BOILER TO
TRANSFER THIS HEAT TO THE WATER IN THE MOST EFFICIENT MANNER.
LET US CONSIDER A SIMPLE BOILER

 COMBUSTION OF FUEL PRODUCES HEAT, WHICH MAKES THE WATER TO

EVEPORATE.
 THE VAPOR OR STEAM CAN ESCAPE THROUGH A PIPE TO TRANSPORT IT TO
THE DESIRED LOCATION.
 ANOTHER PIPE BRINGS WATER (CALLED FEEDWATER) TO THE CONTAINER
TO REPLACE THE WATER THAT HAS EVAPORATED AND ESCAPED.
 THE STEAM MUST BE SAFELY DELIVERED IN DESIRED CONDITION (AS
REGARD TO IT’S PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE , QUALITY AND REQUIRED RATE.
 IF STEAM LEAVES THE BOILER FASTER THAN WATER IS ADDED, THE
PRESSURE IN THE BOILER FALLS.
 IF WATER IS ADDED FASTER THAN IT IS EVAPORATED, THE PRESSURE RISES.
WHY STEAM ?

 WATER IS A USEFUL, CHEAP, AND WIDELY AVAILABLE MEDIUM TO

USE AS A WORKING FLUID.
 WHEN WATER IS BOILED INTO STEAM, ITS VOLUME INCREASES
ABOUT 1,600 TIMES, PRODUCING A FORCE THE IS ALMOST AS
EXPLOSIVE AS GUN POWDER.
 THE FORCE PRODUCED BY THIS EXPANSION IS THE SOURCE OF
POWER IN ALL STREAM ENGINES.
- IT ALSO MAKES THE BOILER A DANGEROUS DEVICE.
STEAM PROPERTIES

 SENSIBLE HEAT: THE HEAT ABSORBED BY WATER IN ATTAINING ITS

BOILING POINT.
 LATENT HEAT: THE HEAT ABSORBED TO CONVERT BOILING WATER
INTO STEAM.
 WET STEAM: WHEN THE STREAM CONTAINS MOISTURE OR
PARTICULATES OF STEAM SUSPENSION
 DRY STEAM: IT DOES NOT CONTAIN ANY SUSPENDED PARTICULATES
OF WATER.
 SUPER HEATED STEAM: WHEN THE DRY STEAM IS FURTHER HEATED
AT CONSTANT PRESSURE, THUS RAISING IT’S TEMPERATURE, IT IS
SAID TO BE SUPERHEATED STEAM.
Steam Diagram parts

Steam boiler
Turbine
Generator
Water tank
Smoke stack
Furnace
Firetube boiler
Steam boiler diagram
APPLICATION OF STEAM

 INTEGRAL COMPONENTS OF STEAM TURBINES (PRIME MOVERS TO

PRODUCE ELECTRICITY IN AL THERMAL AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS).
- ELECTRICITY GENERATION
 HEATING
- SPACE HEATING
- HOT WATER SUPPLY
 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
- SUGAR MILLS
- CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
- PAPER INDUSTRY
- TEXTILE MILLS
COMMON PROBLEM ENCOUNTER IN
OPERATING STEAM GENERATING
UNIT
 1. Scale Build Up
 2. Water and Safety Probes Breaking From Scale Deposits
 3. Water Leaks
 4. Greater Than Normal Amounts of Sludge
 5. Foaming in the Boiler Tank