UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING – MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 2 (ME LAB 2)

NAME: NIZA A. UNIDA DATE SUBMITTED:

YEAR AND SECTION: 4ME-B RATING:

ACTIVITY NO. 1
STUDY OF THE STEAM-GENERATING UNIT
I. INTRODUCTION:
STEAM GENERATOR (BOILER) IS A DEVICE FOR HEATING WATER OR GENERATING
STEAM ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. ALL BOILERS CONSIST OF A SEPARATE
COMPARTMENT WHERE THE FUEL IS BURNED, AND A COMPARTMENT WHERE WATER CAN
BE EVAPORATED INTO STEAM. IT ALSO HAS A SEPARATE COMPARTMENT WHERE WATER
CAN BE EVAPORATED INTO STEAM FOR USE IN VARIOUS PROCESSES OR HEATING
APPLICATIONS.
A BOILER OR STEAM GENERATOR IS A DEVICE USED TO CREATE STEAM BY
APPLYING HEAT ENERGY TO WATER. ALTHOUGH THE DEFINITIONS ARE SOMEWHAT
FLEXIBLE, IT CAN BE SAID THAT OLDER STEAM GENERATORS WERE COMMONLY TERMED
BOILERS AND WORKED AT LOW TO MEDIUM PRESSURE (1-300 PSI OR 6.895-2,068.427 KPA)
BUT, AT PRESSURES ABOVE THIS, IT IS MORE USUAL TO SPEAK OF A STEAM GENERATOR.

II. OBJECTIVES:

1. TO IDENTIFY THE PARTS AND FUNCTION OR COMPONENTS OF THE STEAM GENERATION

UNIT.
2. TO DETERMINE THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STEAM GENERATING UNIT.
3. TO DETERMINE THE APPLICATION AND USES OF THE STEAM GENERATING UNIT.
4. TO DETERMINE WHAT IS BOILER EFFICIENCY AND BOILER CAPACITY.
5. TO DEVELOP PROFESSIONAL WORK ETHICS INCLUDING PRECISION, NEATNESS,
SAFETY, AND ABILITY TO FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS.

III. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT:
STEAM GENERATING UNIT

IV. ILLUSTRATION/DIAGRAM:
V. BOILER CLASSIFICATION
BOILER CAN BE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE FOLLOWING:

POSITION OF FLUE GASES AND WATER:

1. FIRE TUBE BOILER AND
2. WATER TUBE BOILER
AXIS OF SHELL:
1. HORIZONTAL
2. VERTICAL
3. INCLINED
LOCATION OF A FURNACE:
1. EXTERNALLY FIRED
2. INTERNALLY FIRED
METHOD OF CIRCULATION:
1. NATURAL
2. FORCED
MOBILITY:
1. STATIONARY
2. PORTABLE
PRESSURE:
1. HIGH
2. LOW
TUBES:
1. SINGLE
2. MULTI
COMPONENTS OF A STEAM GENERATOR:
BOILER DRUM, TUBES, FURNACE
THESE ARE THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF A BOILER

BOILER MOUNTINGS AND FUNCTIONS

BOILER MOUNTINGS ARE DEVICES THAT ARE REQUIRED FOR PROPER OPERATION,
SAFETY, AND CONTROL OF THE BOILER.
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR: THIS IS REQUIRED TO INDICATE THE SAFETY LEVEL OF
WATER INSIDE THE BOILER SHELL.
PRESSURE GAUGE: THIS IS REQUIRED TO INDICATE THE STEAM PRESSURE INSIDE THE
BOILER SHELL.
SAFETY VALVES: THESE ARE REQUIRED TO RELEASE THE INTERNAL BOILER
PRESSURE IF THE PRESSURE EXCEEDS A PREDETERMINED SAFETY LEVEL.
FUSIBLE PLUG: THIS IS REQUIRED TO STOP THE BOILER IF THE BOILER GETS DRY TO
PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE BOILER. IT IS A METALLIC PLUG INSTALLED IN THE WATER
PATHWAY. IF THE BOILER TEMPERATURE EXCEEDS A SAFE VALUE, IT MELTS AND
ALLOWS SHELL WATER TO PASS THROUGH EXTINGUISHING THE FURNACE FIRE

BOILER ACCESSORIES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS:

BOILER ACCESSORIES ARE DEVICES THAT ARE USED TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY
OF A BOILER.
AIR PREHEATER. THIS IS USUALLY USED TO UTILIZE THE WASTE HEAT OF THE CHIMNEY
TO PREHEAT THE FURNACE AIR THUS INCREASING THE BOILER EFFICIENCY.
ECONOMIZER: THIS IS USUALLY USED TO UTILIZE THE WASTE HEAT OF THE CHIMNEY
TO PREHEAT THE BOILER FEED WATER THUS INCREASING THE BOILER EFFICIENCY.
SUPERHEATER: THIS IS USUALLY USED TO UTILIZE THE WASTE HEAT TO DRY AND/OR
SUPERHEAT THE STEAM LEAVING THE BOILER ON THE DELIVERY SIDE, THUS
INCREASING THE STEAM QUALITY AND BOILER EFFICIENCY.
BAFFLES: THESE ARE BUILT INSIDE THE BOILERS. THESE BAFFLES SIGNIFICANTLY
INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY BY HELPING FEED WATER EXTRACT HEAT FROM THE FLUE
GAS.

VI. QUESTIONS
1. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WATER TUBE BOILER AND FIRE TUBE
BOILER?
→ THE WATER-TUBE BOILER IS A TYPE OF BOILER IN WHICH THE WATER IS
PRESENT INSIDE THE TUBES AND FIRE, OR HOT GASES SURROUND THESE
TUBES. FIRE-TUBE BOILER IS A TYPE OF BOILER IN WHICH THE FIRE OR HOT GAS
 IS PRESENT INSIDE THE TUBES AND WATER SURROUNDS THESE FIRE TUBES.
SINCE FIRE IS INSIDE THE TUBES IT IS NAMED AS A FIRE TUBE BOILER. THE HEAT
FROM THE HOT GASES IS CONDUCTED THROUGH THE WALLS OF THE TUBE TO
THE WATER.
2. DEFINE WHAT BOILER EFFICIENCY IS.
→ IT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL ABSORPTION HEATING VALUE OF OUTLET
STEAM IN THE TOTAL SUPPLY HEATING VALUE.” IN OTHER WORD, IT IS A RATE HOW
THE BOILER RUNS EFFICIENTLY. THE ACTUAL CALCULATION FOR THE BOILER
EFFICIENCY IS THE FOLLOWING:

3. DEFINE WHAT BOILER CAPACITY IS.

→ SINCE THE AMOUNT OF STEAM DELIVERED VARIES WITH TEMPERATURE AND
PRESSURE, A COMMON EXPRESSION OF THE BOILER CAPACITY IS THE HEAT
TRANSFERRED OVER TIME EXPRESSED AS BRITISH THERMAL UNITS PER HOUR.
A BOILERS CAPACITY IS USUALLY EXPRESSED AS KBTU/HOUR (1000 BTU/HOUR)
AND CAN BE CALCULATED AS
W = (hg - hf )m
WHERE:
W = BOILER CAPACITY (Btu/h, kW)
hg = ENTHALPY STEAM (Btu/lb, kJ/kg)
hf = ENTHALPY CONDENSATE (Btu/lb, kJ/kg)
m = STEAM EVAPORATED (lb/h, kg/s)

4. WHAT ARE THE COMMON APPLICATION AND USES OF A BOILER OR STEAM-GENERATING

UNIT?
→ WATER HEATING, SANITATION, COOKING, WASTE ENERGY UTILIZATION, AND
CENTRAL HEATING ARE ALL USES FOR STEAM BOILERS IN HVAC SYSTEMS.
WARM AIR FROM FIRE-TUBE BOILERS IS CIRCULATED THROUGH A HOUSE OR
WAREHOUSE'S ROOMS. DUCTWORKS ARE USED TO FIX THEM. IN TERM OF
AGRICULTURE SOIL STEAMING IS A PERFECT SOLUTION FOR SOIL FATIGUE.
REVITALIZATION, IMPROVED GROWTH AND DISINFECTION ARE THE BENEFITS OF
SOIL STEAMING. THE 21ST CENTURY METHOD OF DISINFECTING COMPOST AND
SICK SOIL IS SOIL STEAMING.
VII. CONCLUSION
TO SUM UP, THE MANUFACTURING AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES AROUND THE WORLD
RELY HEAVILY ON STEAM GENERATION. STEAM BOILERS HAVE PROVEN TO BE A CRUCIAL
COMPONENT FOR HIGH-QUALITY MANUFACTURING AND MAXIMUM PRODUCTIVITY,
ESPECIALLY WITH THE RISE IN GLOBAL CONSUMPTION AND CHANGES IN THE
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY.

VIII. ANALYSIS
STEAM GENERATING UNIT MEANS ANY FURNACE, BOILER, OR OTHER DEVICE USED
FOR COMBUSTING FUEL AND PRODUCING STEAM, PLUS ANY INTEGRATED EQUIPMENT THAT
PROVIDES ELECTRICITY OR USEFUL THERMAL OUTPUT TO THE AFFECTED ELECTRIC
GENERATING UNITS OR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT. THE TERM DOES NOT INCLUDE NUCLEAR
STEAM GENERATORS.

IX. RECOMMENDATION
SINCE WE ARE TALKING ABOUT STEAM GENERATING UNIT, IT IS ESSENTIAL IF THE
STUDENTS CAN SEE THE ACTUAL PROCESS OF IT BY WITNESSING THIS ON LABORATORY
INSIDE THE SCHOOL TO UNDERSTAND DEEPLY WHAT IS BEING TAUGHT OF THE PROFESSOR.
IN SHORT, SCHOOL MUST HAVE LABORATORY TO EXPERIENCE REAL LIFE PROCESS OF IT
THAN KNOWING THEORIES.