EXPLORING

VOLCANOES Group 4
ICE BREAKER
What is Volcano?
is a geological formation on the Earth's surface that
erupts and releases magma, ash, and gases. It is
typically a conical or mountain-like structure that
forms when magma from the Earth's mantle reaches
the surface.
WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE VOLCANO?
PARTS OF A VOLCANO ash cloud

crater lava

conduit
magma chamber

flank
ASH CLOUD
tiny ash particles and gases blasted from the volcano.
CRATER
circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity.
LAVA
red hot molten magma that is expelled from a volcano eruption.
CONDUIT
an underground passage which magma travels through.
MAGMA CHAMBER
the underground space usually deep below the
earth's surface occupied by magma.
FLANK
an eruption from the side of a volcano.
EFFECTS OF THE
VOLCANO IN
SOCIETY
THE EFFECTS OF THE VOLCANO HAS TWO TYPES

which are:

Positive Effect
Negative Effect
 Positive Effects Of Volcanoes In Society:
1. ATMOSPHERIC COOLING 2. RAW MATERIALS 3. WATER PRODUCTION 4. FERTILE LAND

-volcanoes have -the sulfur, copper -the amount of water -is another
actually helped to and gold are that has been advantage of
keep the world produced because of produced by volcanoes volcanic activity. It
about 2 to 3 volcanoes has actually given us gives us really
degrees cooler than the water that we fertile soils, which
it otherwise may be have on Earth are great for
farming and
crops.
 Negative Effects Of Volcanoes In Society
1.CAUSES DEATH TO 2.CAUSES FOOD 3.DAMAGES PROPERTIES 4.SUDDEN WEATHER
WILDLIFE SCARCITY CHANGES

-volcanic eruptions -volcanoes -one of the biggest -especially the

kill many animals destroy farmlands effects of major ones cause
and plants thereby reducing volcanoes.That drastic and
whenever a food production damages or destroys unexpected
volcanic eruption which results in everything on its changes in the
occurs. food scarcity. part. weather.
TRANSFORMATION
OF ENERGY USING
GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY
POWERPLANT PRESENTED BY
GROUP 4
What is
GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY PLANT?
Geothermal power plants use hydrothermal
resources that have both water (hydro) and heat
(thermal). Geothermal power plants require high-
temperature hydrothermal resources—300 degrees
Fahrenheit (°F) to 700° F—that come from either dry
steam wells or from hot water wells. We use these
resources by drilling wells into the earth and then
piping steam or hot water to the surface. The hot
water or steam powers a turbine that generates
electricity. Some geothermal wells are as much as 2
miles deep.
 IT IS MOSTLY
USED IN THE:
ICELAND PHILIPPINES
KENYA EL SALVADOR

As a renewable resource, geothermal covers a significant share of electricity demand in countries

and meets more than 90% of heating demand in Iceland. There are different geothermal
technologies with distinct levels of maturity.
 DIRECT DRY STEAM
Direct Dry Steam. Steam plants use hydrothermal fluids

3 TYPES OF 01 that are primarily steam. The steam goes directly to a

turbine, which drives a generator that produces
electricity. The steam eliminates the need to burn fossil

GEOTHERMAL fuels to run the turbine.

POWER PLANTS FLASH AND DOUBLE

FLASH CYCLE
Fluid is sprayed into a tank held at a much lower

02 pressure than the fluid, causing some of the fluid to

rapidly vaporize, or "flash." The vapor then drives a
turbine, which drives a generator. If any liquid remains
in the tank, it can be flashed again in a second tank
(double flash) to extract even more energy.

BINARY CYCLE
Binary plants specifically use a second working fluid (hence,
"binary") with a much lower boiling point than water. The binary fluid
is operated through a conventional Rankine cycle. Generally, the

03 working fluid is a hydrocarbon such as isopentane, or a refrigerant.

The geothermal fluid (predominantly water vapor) and working fluid
pass through a heat exchanger, where the working fluid flashes to
vapor and drives the turbines. The cooled water vapor is then
released back into the underground reservoirs, so the cycle can
begin anew. No gas is emitted to the atmosphere, as the binary cycle
is a closed system.
IMPORTANCE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
POWERPLANT

1. provides a reliable source of energy as compared to other renewable

resources such as wind and solar power, it also allows us to reduce our use
of fossil fuels and can help us to achieve energy self-sufficiency.
2. capable of providing carbon-free.
3. provide increased energy security protection from inflation in the cost of
volatile fossil fue
Thank You!!
any questions?