Seam 2 - S5 - Fittings

e-Learning
At the end of the course the students

will be able to:
• Explain the characteristics of the different types of
hatchcovers
TOPIC • Identify the different parts and of the hatchcover

construction and their functions
• Identify the different parts of the ship’s crane
OBJECTI • Identify the different parts of the ship’s derrick

system
• Identify the different parts of the piping system
VES • Identify the contents of the pipe based on its colour

label
• Identify the different fittings in a container ship for
securing and lashing and their functions
SEAM 2
Bachelor of Science in Marine

Transportation
Fittings
Fittings
Explain the characteristics of the different types of hatchcovers
Types Of Hatch Covers

The various types of hatch covers that are mainly used on board are as
follows:
• Lifting type
• Rolling type
• Folding type
• Sliding type
• Roll stowing type
Source: Sinha, T. (2021, May 8). Different types and designs of hatch covers used for ships. Marine Insight
Fittings
Folding type
Two flat-topped panels make up folding hatch covers, which are
moved by hydraulic arms. Both weather deck and tween deck
can accommodate these. The huge size of folding type hatch
covers, which results in fewer panels, is a significant advantage
in their design.
Fittings
Rolling Type Hatch Covers

At the end of the hatchway, rolling type hatch covers have two coverings. There are wheels installed to
aid in sliding the panel either longitudinally for end rolling or athwartship for side rolling.
Fittings
Lifting type
Lift away type hatch covers can be classified into two

types :
a) Single panel covers,

b) Multi-panel covers.
Bulk carriers frequently use single panel covers,

which have a single cover for each opening. Multi-
panel covers, which use many panels to cover a
single hold, are most frequently seen on cellular
container ships with longitudinal joints and
multipurpose cargo ships with transverse joints.
Fittings
Stacking cover type
These facilities are utilized on ships with

comparatively smaller hatch covers. It comprises of a
lifting crane facility that is hydraulically operated. Its
function is to raise the covers lengthwise and stack
them at one end or over any empty storage tank. It is
typically utilized in barges and is reasonably
inexpensive.
Fittings
Identify the different parts and of the hatchcover construction and their functions
Designing a hatch cover entails more than just creating the cover and its coaming; there are numerous crucial
elements that guarantee the hatch cover will remain in place and functional for a very long time.
• Bearing pads
• Securing devices: cleats & wedges
• Pontoons and panels
• Operating mechanism
• Stoppers
• Drains & non-return valves
• Compression bars
Fittings
• Deck Aperture: The size of the deck opening affects the hull's strength. Even on ships when the hatch width
is greater than 70% of the width, high tensile steel must be utilized to give adequate longitudinal strength. On
ships with big hatchways, thorough structural design and strength study should be done. Thick elliptical or
parabolic plates can be provided to eliminate stress concentration spots, which are typically found at the
corners of openings.
• Coaming Height: Height is determined above the deck's top surface. Steel coverings with direct securing
mechanisms are used to seal them. However, if there is no danger to the ship's safety, the coaming may also be
removed. In order to carry more cargo, particularly in bulk carriers, the majority of ships have coaming
heights of roughly 1-1.8 m. Another way to construct coamings is to slope them inward, resulting in a bigger
aperture at the deck level.
• Construction of Hatch Corners: The designer should prevent a sharp decline in longitudinal strength at the
ends of the side coaming. For structural continuity, the girders are extended to a suitable end beyond the hatch
end. The hatch coaming is typically extended using taper brackets to lessen stress concentration. Elliptical or
parabolic plates at the corners, as previously indicated, also aid in lowering stress concentration, which would
otherwise cause exhaustion and then fracture.
Fittings
• Deck Aperture: The size of the deck opening affects the hull's strength. Even on ships when the hatch width
is greater than 70% of the width, high tensile steel must be utilized to give adequate longitudinal strength. On
ships with big hatchways, thorough structural design and strength study should be done. Thick elliptical or
parabolic plates can be provided to eliminate stress concentration spots, which are typically found at the
corners of openings.
• Coaming Height: Height is determined above the deck's top surface. Steel coverings with direct securing
mechanisms are used to seal them. However, if there is no danger to the ship's safety, the coaming may also be
removed. In order to carry more cargo, particularly in bulk carriers, the majority of ships have coaming
heights of roughly 1-1.8 m. Another way to construct coamings is to slope them inward, resulting in a bigger
aperture at the deck level.
• Construction of Hatch Corners: The designer should prevent a sharp decline in longitudinal strength at the
ends of the side coaming. For structural continuity, the girders are extended to a suitable end beyond the hatch
end. The hatch coaming is typically extended using taper brackets to lessen stress concentration. Elliptical or
parabolic plates at the corners, as previously indicated, also aid in lowering stress concentration, which would
otherwise cause exhaustion and then fracture.
Fittings
• Drainage: To avoid damaging sensitive cargo, adequate drainage facilities need to be offered. This can be
accomplished by including a channel around the hatch cover's peripheral seal that makes sure water drains
onto the weather deck through a hole in the coaming.
Click on the link to

watch:
Hatch Cover Maintenance

- Safety when working wit
h hatch covers
Hatch Cover Maintenanc

e - Testing water-tightnes
s of hatch covers
Fittings
Identify the different parts of the ship’s crane
The Hook: One of the most noticeable and significant components of a

construction crane may be this. The crane's primary point of attachment to
the cargo it must carry is the hook. You may rely on the hook to hold any
bulky or heavy goods you need to transport about your job site so the crane
can continue working.
To support heavy loads of materials, hooks need to be robust and long-

lasting. Hooks, however, need other objects to pick up a load. The next few
components on this list are essential to the crane's capacity to use the hook to
lift objects.
Source: 8 parts of a crane and their function. (2021, April 29). General Construction Crane Service,
Inc
Fittings
Wire Rope and Sheaves: Heavy-duty wire ropes are used by cranes to raise
enormous loads. Actually, these ropes are cables comprised of steel wires
that have been twisted into a helix shape. Then, to make an even stronger
rope, dozens of these helixes are twisted together. The crane's ability to lift
objects with its hook is made possible by these wire ropes.
Sheaves are crane parts that improve the amount of weight that the hook can
support. Wire ropes that connect to the rest of the crane are held in a sheave,
which is a pulley system. The weight is spread more evenly with more wire
ropes. Due of this, the hook can support higher loads than a single wire rope
could.
Inc
Fittings
• The Boom: Depending on the size of the crane, the boom is one of the
largest components and may frequently be seen from several miles away.
The boom, which serves as the arm holding the load, enables a crane to
move heavy objects and deliver materials far from the boom's base.
• Lattice boom: This boom consists of welded steel, reminiscent of the

appearance of a lattice. This gives it great strength while reducing the
weight of the boom.
• Hydraulic boom: This boom has telescoping sections, allowing it to

extend to reach far places and collapse for easy transportation.
Inc
Fittings
Counterweights: Cranes can support a great deal of weight. Using

counterweights, they are able to do this without toppling over. These weights
are attached to the crane's back and serve to balance the load's weight.
Cranes would fall over if there were no counterweights in the boom lift's
direction. To keep the crane grounded and safe, counterweights always
remain in opposition to the boom lift.
To facilitate transporting, counterweights are detachable. To accommodate

your present load, you can increase or decrease the amount of weights in the
counterweight system. For even greater freedom, some counterweight
systems may be towed.
Inc
Fittings
Outriggers: When transporting objects around a job site, outriggers, which

are crane parts, offer additional safety. They guarantee that cranes remain
upright even when moving the heaviest of loads, working in tandem with
counterweights. The crane is stabilized from the ground up by outriggers that
extend from the bottom. They raise the crane off its wheels, eliminating the
chance that minute wheel motions could cause it to move.
Outriggers, counterweights, and a sophisticated hoist system work together

to keep your crane secure while it transports bulky goods and loads across
the working site. Safety is paramount for your entire staff when using cranes.
Outriggers provide the additional layer of protection you and your
employees require.
Inc
Fittings
Wheels and Tracks: Depending on the terrain, cranes can move about the
job site thanks to their wheels and tracks. When moving around a job site or
traveling down the highway quickly, wheels provide greater mobility.
Although tracks could be preferable if the task site is soft and muddy, they
are the greatest choice for uneven, rough terrain.
A crane is more stable than wheeled cranes thanks to its long, wide tracks.
They operate more easily on smooth, level ground but are a little slower than
wheeled cranes. However, many project site managers and engineers find
them to be a desirable option due to their stability and safety.
Inc
Fittings
The Hoist: The component of the crane that generates lift is the hoist, often
known as the hoist drum. The hook is raised and lowered using a cranking
mechanism and a wire rope. It can store thousands of feet of wire rope,
giving you the ability to transport large objects over long distances and at
extreme altitudes while still having enough cable left over to keep a secure
hold.
The crane's ability to raise objects off the ground is due to the hoist. It is a
necessary component of the crane and is important to its operation, much
like the other elements on this list. The hoist drum is located behind the main
boom.
Inc
Fittings
The Jib: Cranes may need to transport goods to a location where the boom
cannot reach. The jib is used in this situation. An arm of the crane that
extends horizontally to create more room between the load and the crane is
this component. When moving heavier or longer loads that necessitate the
crane being farther away during movement, this is helpful.
Regular jibs are typically fixed, but some cranes have "luffer jibs," which are
hinged versions. Depending on where the main boom is at the time of
movement, you can move it up or down utilizing its hinges.
Inc
Fittings
Identify the different parts of the ship’s derrick system
Click on the link to watch:
Cargo Handling & Stowage | Derrick

Fittings
Identify the different parts of the piping system
A variety of straight lengths and bends are joined by flanges with the proper gasket or connection, or
very small-bore pipes may employ compression couplings, to create the machinery space pipework.
The type of piping used will depend on the system requirements and the type of liquid being
transported. Below are a few instances.
When galvanizing piping, the finished pipe must have all joints properly welded before being hot-
dipped galvanized. Hangers or pipe clips are used to support and secure the pipes while minimizing
vibration. It is possible to support steam pipes or pipes in systems with significant temperature
variation on spring hangers that allow for some movement.
Fittings
All system pipework on board the vessel must undergo routine security and condition checks, and
results must be recorded in the PMS. It is crucial to include the pipework in these inspections that is
situated in such remote, dimly lighted, and potentially challenging to access spaces.
When possible, and most especially during drydocking periods, it is important to establish the
pipewall condition by hammer testing and visual inspection of internal surfaces in locations where
valves or pipe sections have been removed for routine maintenance, repair, or replacement. Sea water
pipework should receive special attention because it may be susceptible to corrosion and wastage on
both internal and external surfaces.
Fittings

Marine Piping System | Piping Analysis
EASY WAY TO UNDERSTAND PIPING DIAGRAM Onboard Ship

Fittings
Identify the contents of the pipe based on its colour label
Pipes are a common building component for moving gases

and liquids over short and long distances. Most facilities
have dozens of pipes that transport materials from one
location to another, so it's critical to be able to keep track of
the materials in each pipe as well as its final destination.
Using pipe color coding to your advantage will help you

learn vital details about a pipe's contents. Employees are
more likely to cause an accident that could lead to physical
harm as well as property damage if color regulations are
disregarded. For instance, if a worker incorrectly identifies a
pipe, he or she may open a valve expecting to find hazardous
chemicals but instead find clean water.
Source: Pipe color codes - ANSI/ASME A13.1. (2016, September 13). Creativesafetysupply.Com; Creative Safety Supply.
Fittings
Identify the different fittings in a container ship for securing and lashing and their functions
When a container is loaded over ships, it is

secured to the ship’s structure and to the
container placed below it by means of
lashing rods, turnbuckles, twist-locks etc. As
a result, whether there is bad weather or
strong winds, the containers cannot move
from their positions or fall into the water.
Anish. (2021, March 24). Important points for safe container lashing. Marine Insight
Fittings
Jobs involving lashing and delashing in ports

are typically handled by stevedores.
However, the deck crew is also in charge of
this activity because of the shorter port stay
and time constraints.
In order to reduce time in the port and

enable fast container discharge after
berthing, the ship's crew typically delashes
the container prior to arriving at the port.
Source: Anish. (2021, March 24). Important points for safe container lashing. Marine Insight
Fittings

Container lashing system analysis.
Container Ship Deck Lashing - Longshore Lashers

END OF TOPIC
THE CATALYST OF THE MARITIME FLEET OF

TOMORROW

Seam 2 - S5 - Fittings

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e-Learning

At the end of the course the students

TOPIC • Identify the different parts and of the hatchcover

OBJECTI • Identify the different parts of the ship’s derrick

VES • Identify the contents of the pipe based on its colour

Bachelor of Science in Marine

Types Of Hatch Covers

Rolling Type Hatch Covers

Lift away type hatch covers can be classified into two

a) Single panel covers,

Bulk carriers frequently use single panel covers,

Stacking cover type

These facilities are utilized on ships with

Click on the link to

Hatch Cover Maintenance

Hatch Cover Maintenanc

The Hook: One of the most noticeable and significant components of a

To support heavy loads of materials, hooks need to be robust and long-

• Lattice boom: This boom consists of welded steel, reminiscent of the

• Hydraulic boom: This boom has telescoping sections, allowing it to

Counterweights: Cranes can support a great deal of weight. Using

To facilitate transporting, counterweights are detachable. To accommodate

Outriggers: When transporting objects around a job site, outriggers, which

Outriggers, counterweights, and a sophisticated hoist system work together

Click on the link to watch:

Cargo Handling & Stowage | Derrick

Click on the link to watch:

EASY WAY TO UNDERSTAND PIPING DIAGRAM Onboard Ship

Pipes are a common building component for moving gases

Using pipe color coding to your advantage will help you

When a container is loaded over ships, it is

Jobs involving lashing and delashing in ports

In order to reduce time in the port and

Click on the link to watch:

Container Ship Deck Lashing - Longshore Lashers

THE CATALYST OF THE MARITIME FLEET OF

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