How do we tell someone else

what they just said

 Grammar explanation

Reported speech is when we tell someone what another

person said.

To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech.

Các bước đổi sang câu Gián tiếp
• 4 BƯỚC

1. Chọn từ tường thuật

2. Lùi thì
3. Xác định và đổi đại từ
4. Đổi các từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian
• Câu ví dụ :

“I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow.”, Tom said.

“Tôi muốn xem bộ phim này với bạn gái của tôi ngày mai. “(Tom nói)
 BƯỚC 1: Chọn từ tường thuật
• S told somebody that : nói với ai rằng
She told Nam that ………

• S said (that) : nói rằng

She said that ………

“I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow.”, Tom said. BƯỚC 1
=> Tom said that …
 BƯỚC 2: Lùi Thì.
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn Quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

 can → could; cannot → could not

 Have to → had to
 may → might
 could → could (không đổi)
 must = bắt buộc → had to
 might → might  (không đổi)
 must = chắc là → must (không đổi)
 should → should (không đổi)
• will → would
“I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow.”, Tom BƯỚC 1
said.
=> Tom said that …
=> Tom said that I wanted to see this movie with my girlfriend BƯỚC 2
tomorrow.
 BƯỚC 3. XÁC ĐỊNH VÀ ĐỔI ĐẠI TỪ

 1.She said to her mother,” The exam is difficult”

Không có đại từ

 2.She said to her mother, “ I enjoy working in my garden”

Đại từ
3. She said to her father, “ You need to see me today”

Đại từ
“I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow.”, Tom BƯỚC 1
said.
=> Tom said that …
=> Tom said that I wanted to see this movie with my girlfriend BƯỚC 2
tomorrow.
Bảng đổi đại từ
Direct speech Reported Direct speech Reported
speech speech
I He, she Me Him, her
We They Us Them
You (Subject) He, she, they, I You (Object) Him, her, them,
me
My His, her Mine His, hers
Our Their Ours Theirs
Your His, her, their, yours His, hers,
my theirs, mine
1.
Không có đại từ No pronoun change

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

I He, she Me Him, her
We They Us Them
You (Subject) He, she, they, I You (Object) Him, her, them, me
My His, her Mine His, hers
Our Their Ours Theirs
Your His, her, their yours His, hers, theirs
2.
She her

Direct speech Reported Direct speech Reported

speech speech
I He, she Me Him, her
We They Us Them
You (Subject) He, she, they, You (Object) Him, her, them,
I me
My His, her Mine His, hers
Our Their Ours Theirs
Your His, her, their yours His, hers, theirs
3.
He her

Direct speech Reported Direct speech Reported

speech speech
I He, she Me Him, her
We They Us Them
You (Subject) He, she, they, I You (Object) Him, her, them,
me
My His, her Mine His, hers
Our Their Ours Theirs
Your His, her, their yours His, hers, theirs
“I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow.”, Tom BƯỚC 1
said.
=> Tom said that …
=> Tom said that I wanted to see this movie with my girlfriend BƯỚC 2
tomorrow.
BƯỚC 3
=> Tom said that he wanted to see this movie with his girlfriend
tomorrow.
BƯỚC 4. Đổi trạng từ chỉ định, chỉ thời gian, nơi
chốn

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

This That
These those
here there
now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the previous day/ the day before
tomorrow the following day/ the next day
(two weeks) ago (two weeks) before
last (month) the previous (month)/ (the month) before
“I want to see this movie with my girlfriend tomorrow.”, Tom BƯỚC 1
said.
=> Tom said that …

=> Tom said that I wanted to see this movie with my girlfriend BƯỚC 2

tomorrow.

=> Tom said that he wanted to see this movie with his girlfriend BƯỚC 3
tomorrow.
=> Tom said that he wanted to see that movie with his girlfriend
the following day/ the next day .
• “The window needs painting”. The workers said.
• “Your voice is very sweet, Mary.”, John said.
• “You can’t put your shoes here, Nam”, he said
 CÂU HỎI YES/ NO
Công thức
S asked+ somebody + If/ whether + S + V ………
"Do you speak English?“. He asked me BƯỚC 1. Viết lại công thức
He asked me if/ whether ……
"Do you speak English?“. He asked me BƯỚC 2. Lùi thì
Speak  spoke

"Do you speak English?“. He asked me BƯỚC 3. Xác định S, V và

biến đổi S, V
“You” chỉ “me” . You  I

He asked me if/ whether I spoke English. BƯỚC 4. Biến đổi trạng từ
chỉ định nơi chốn, thời gian
• “Does your sister work in this company”, I said to Lan
• “ Will you go abroad next month”, I asked Mr. and Mrs. Green
“ Take your cellphone with you”,  He told Ann to take her cellphone
he said to Ann with her

“Where’s John” , he asked.  He asked where John was

“Are you alone?” , he asked.  He asked if I was alone

• Asked sb (not) to V
• Told sb (not) to V
• Said (that) + S + V