IMPROVEMENT OF ENGINEERING

BEHAVIOUR OF SILTY SAND OF N.I.T.

AGARTALA CAMPUS

Geotechnical Engineering
Prepared by:
BISHAL ROY SARKAR (Enrollment No: 21PCE023)
Under the supervision of : Dr. Sanjay Paul
(Assistant professor, Civil Engineering Department )
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, AGARTALA
 CONTENTS
 Project Planning
 Introduction of ground improvement
 Introduction of Silty Sand
 Textural Classification of soil
 Literature Review
 Summary of Literature Review
 Scope & Objective
 Experimental Tests
 Conclusion
 References
 PROJECT
PLANNING

LITERATURE
MARCH REVIEW & NOTES

APRIL PROJECT TITLE

SCOPE &
MAY OBJECTIVE

SAMPLE
JUNE COLLECTION
 GROUND IMPROVEMENT

 Ground improvement is defined as the alteration of site

foundation soils or project earth structures to provide better
performance under design or operational loading conditions.
 Silty-Sand

 Silty-Sand is a mixture with course grains & fine

grains
TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF
SOIL
 Literature Review
Author Year Description
Cokca (2001) performed research work on use of class c fly ashes
for the stabilization of an expansive soil. The results
revealed the effect of lime, cement, soma fly ash, and
Tuncbilek fly ash addition in reducing the swelling
potential of an expansive soil sample is presented.

Joulani (2002) studies the effect of stone powder and lime on

strength, compaction and CBR properties of fine
soils.
Prabakar et al. (2004) described the influence of fly ash on strength
behavior of typical soils and found that the soils
mixed with fly ash have significant improvement over
load bearing capacity.

Huat et al. (2005) described the effect of chemical admixture on the

engineering properties of tropical peat soils and
found that addition of the chemical admixture.
Cement and lime, can improve the engineering
properties of tropical peat soils.
 Author Year Description

Kolias et al. (2005) performed study on stabilization of clayey soils with

high calcium fly ash and cement. Result indicates the
strength values obtained with lime arc considerably
lower than the value obtained with fly ash
Kumar et al. (2007) observed the influence of fly ash, lime and polyester
fibers on compaction and strength properties of
expansive soil.

Lin et al. (2007) studies the Sludge ash/ hydrated lime on the
geotechnical properties of soft soil.

Robert (2009) upgraded the remoulded expansive clay as a

construction material using rice husk ash (RHA) and
fly-ash, which are waste materials. When the RHA
content was increased, unconfined compressive
strength and CBR increased significantly.
 Author Year Description

Miller et. al. (2010) derived the idea about Impact of soil type and
compaction condition on soil water characteristics.

Indraratna et. al. (2011) gave the idea about effect of compaction energy on
shear wave velocity of dynamically compacted soil.

Borgohain et al. (2016) have studies the effect of Rice Hush Ash (RHA) on
plasticity and compaction of Laterite soil by adding
Rice Husk Ash the consistency limits of soil decrease
initially and increase with passage of time.

A.Negi and M. (2017) studied that highly active soils which undergo quick
Faizan expansion and shrinkage can be stablised by using
lime.
 Author Year Description

Olov Soderlund (2018) has a study on Stabilization of Soft Soil with Lime
and Petrit. Stabilization of soft soil is usually done by
adding binder to it e.g. lime and cement

Lamia Ahed (2019) studied on Sandy Soil Stabilization with Polymer. This
study concerns with improvement the sandy soil
properties by using the polymers.

Mousa F. Attom (2020) investigated that burned olive waste act as a stabilizing
agent on some soils. The maximum dry density and
unconfined compressive strength increased by
adding 2.5% of the unwanted burned olive by
weight.
E. Ravi and S. (2021) Study on Geopile Installed in Expansive Clay. High
Suresh plasticity, excessive heave and high swell–shrink
potential are the parameters used for identification of
expansive soil made up of clay.
 Summary of Literature Review
 The addition of considerable amount of lime to the expansive soils increased
stiffness, peak strength, and brittleness.
 On addition of any ash the gradation of mixture is adversely affect which leads in
reduction of dry density for higher content of fly ash mix soil.
 With increase of lime in soil mix the CBR value get increase.
 The soil stabilization process with fly ash is more convenient for lower plasticity
and higher silt content soil.
 The unconfined compressive strength of the soil-lime mix is more as compared to
the soil-fly ash mixed sample.
 The addition of lime has an influence in reducing the optimum water content and
increasing the maximum dry unit weight or dry density of the peat soil.
 The maximum dry density of the soil mixed with lime decrease with increase in
lime content and optimum moisture content get decreases.
 The shear strength and CBR value of soil mixed with fly ash is improved which may
use for pavement design.
 Scope & objective
 Needed to evaluate of index properties of soil mixed with different percentages of
materials.
 Required to determine the compaction characteristics of the soil and soil-fly ash mix
and soil-lime mix in different percentages.
 For determining the CBR value of soil, soil-fly ash mix and soil-lime mix, in different
percentages.
 Needed to examine the shear strength parameter of the soil and soil mixed with fly
ash and lime at different percentages.
 Change in strength characteristics of soil and soil mixed with fly ash and lime need
to be studied comparatively.
 Needed to determine the confined and unconfined compressive strength of the soil
mixed with different materials.
 Correlation of the different parameters needs to be evaluated.
 Experimental Tests
 Grain Size Analysis classify the soil type
 Hydrometer Test Particle size distribution
 Specific Gravity Test voids and saturation level
 Atterberg's Limit Test Liquid limit, Plastic Limit
 Standard and Modified Proctor Test OMC & dry density
 California Bearing Ratio Test subgrade strength
 Direct Shear Test shearing strength of soil
 Unconfined Compressive Strength Test compressive strength
 CONCLUSIO
N

As per the planning for experimental work on this field we

can conclude that this improvement process, is definitely
useful than the other ground improvement process for
obtaining good strength soil and also improving the soil
characteristics. Thus the NITA campus soil can also be
utilized for different field application. And some experimental
tests have to perform to measure different parameters of this
soil for further study.
 REFERENCES

 Cokca. (2001) “Use of class c fly ashes for the stabilization of an expansive soil,”
journal of geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering, ASCE, ISSN. 1090-
0241, Vol.127, pp. 568-573.
 Joulani, N.A., (2012) “Effect of stone powder and lime on strength, compaction
and CBR properties of fine soils, ” Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 6, No.
1, pp. 01-16.
 Prabakar, J., Dendorkar, N. and Morchhale, R.K., (2004) “Influence of fly ash on
strength behavior of typical soils." Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier,
ISSN . 0950-0618, Vol. 18, pp. 263-267.
 Huat. S, A. (2005) Influence of admixtures on strength of cement grouted soils.”
IGC, pp. 435-439.
 Kolias. S., Kasselouri-Rigopoulou, V. and Karahalios, A. (2005) “Stabilization of
clayey soils with high calcium fly ash and cement,” Cement & Concrete
Composites, Elsevier, Vol. 27, No 1. pp. 301-313.
 Kumar, A, Walia, B.S. and Bajaj, A. (2007) "Influence of Fly Ash, Lime, and Polyester Fibers on
compaction and strength properties of expansive soil," journal of materials in civil engineering,
ISSN. 0899- 1561, ASCE, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 242-248.
Lin, D. F., Lin, Hungc, M.J. and Luo, H.L., (2007) “Sludge ash/ hydrated lime on the geotechnical
properties of soft soil,” journal of Hazardous Materials, Elsevier, ISSN. 0304-3894, Vol. 145, pp. 58-
64.
 Robert, H.N., Krishnaiah, A J. and Supriya, M.D., (2009) “Effect of lime on the compaction and
strength behavior of red earth treated with mine tailings,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil
Engineering (IOSRJMCE), Vol.2, No. 4, pp.01-06.
Miller F. Attom (2010) “Burned olive waste act as a stabilizing agent on some soils.” Journal of
Applied Sciences, Asian Network for Scientific Information,pp.147914483
Indraratna, A. V. da, Cruz. R.C. and Consoli, N.C., (2009) “Strength properties of
sandy soil- cement admixtures," GeotechGeolEng, springer science, Vol.27, No 4, pp.
681-686.
A.Negi and M. Faizan (2017) “Highly active soils which undergo quick expansion
and shrinkage can be stablised by using lime.” National seminar on Geotechnique in
present Development Scenario, Kolkata (14-19).
Olov Soderlund (2018) “Stabilization of Soft Soil with Lime and Petrit.” Journal of
Indian Highways,pp.31-39
 Lamia Ahmed (2019) “Sandy Soil Stabilization with Polymer.” Journal of Testing and
Evaluation, JTEVA, ASTM, Vol. 29, No. 2.
Mousa F. Attom (2020) “Burned olive waste act as a stabilizing agent on some
soils.” Journal of Applied Sciences, Asian Network for Scientific
Information,pp.147914483
E. Ravi and S. Suresh (2021) “Experimental Study on Geopile Installed in
Expansive Clay.” Bureau of Indian Standards.
THANK YOU