PHYSICS FORM 5

FORCE & MOTION II

1.2 RESOLUTION OF FORCES
 1.2 RESOLUTION OF FORCES
LEARNING STANDARD
Student is able to:
1.2.1 Describe resolution of forces

BI
A boy pulling his friend during a Tarik
upih game at the school sports carnival.
Why is the motion o
the friend to the
right while the
direction of the
applied force is
inclined upwards?
 This is due to the pulling Resolution of forces is the
force having a horizontal process of resolving a force
component and a vertical into two components.
component.

The vertical The horizontal component

The pulling force acting on component is to overcomes friction and
the boy can be resolved balance the moves the boy to the right.
into two perpendicular weight of the boy.
components.
 Resolve a forces into the effective component forces

Why does the book stay on the Why is the lady dragging
inclined plane and not slide her luggage instead of
down? pushing it?
 Resultant force – using triangle method

C
2 forces combine to form a
single force , resultant force

A B
 Review Trigonometry
1 force splits into 2 forces

Cos θ = a
c
c b
sin θ = b
θ c
a
a = c x cos θ b = c x sin θ
Define Resolution of Forces
The process of resolving a force into two componetns
A force is split into two component forces which are
perpendicular to each other, Fx and Fy.

FX
F θ
FY
FY
θ
FX
Cos θ = FX
F FX = F Cos θ
sin θ = FY
FY = F Sin θ
F
How to determine the direction of horizontal Fx 1. Start from the tail of the force, F
an vertical FY component? 2. Go to x axis direction, (horizontal) Fx
3. Go to the y- axis direction (vertical) Fy
until the head of F
4. Both the Fx and Fy are perpendicular
to each other.

F
FY

Fx
For each diagram below, show the direction of FX and FY.

F F
FY FY

Fx Fx

F F
FY FY

Fx Fx
Activity 1
Aim: To resolve a force into two components for an object moving in
a direction not parallel to the direction of the force.
1. Find the horizontal component and the vertical component of the force

FY

FX
Fx = 200 cos 500 = 128.6 N
FY = 200 sin 500 = 153.2 N
1. Find the horizontal component and the vertical component of the force

FY

FX

Fx = - 75 sin 700 = - 70.5 = - 75 cos 20

FY = - 75 cos 700 = - 25.7
1. Find the horizontal component and the vertical component of the force

FX

FY

Fx = - 5 sin 450 = - 3.53 N = - 5 cos 45

FY = 5 cos 450 = 3.53 = 5 sin 45
1. Cari komponen mengufuk dan komponen menegak bagi setiap daya

FX

FY

Fx = 6 cos 600 = 3.0 N

FY = -6 sin 600 = - 5.19 N
2. A car is being towed by a cable which has a force F of 1500 N

(a) Indicate and label:

 The force, F
 The horizontal force, FX FY
 The vertical force, FY 60o
FX
(b) Find
(i) the horizontal force of the cable which moves the car forward

Fx = 1500 cos 600 = 750 N PUSHING

OR
(ii) The vertical force of the cable PULLING

FY = 1500 sin 600 = 1299 N

 3. A tourist pulls his bag with a force of 100 N with
the angle 55⁰ from horizontal

(a) Indicate and label: 100 N

FY
 The force, F
 The horizontal force, FX 55o
 The vertical force, FY
FX
(i) Find the horizontal component
Fx = 100 cos 550 = 57.36 N Berat PUSHING
OR
(ii) The vertical component PULLING

FY = 100 sin 550 = 81.92 N

(c) Explain why the bag is easier to be moved if it is pulled.
If pulled, vertical component,FY upwards. Weight of the bag, W downwards
Resultant force, F is smaller. F = W - FY
4. A lady is mopping the floor. PUSHING
OR
Determine the magnitude of: PULLING

(a) the horizontal component of the pushing force

Fx = 32 cos 600 = 16.0 N

(b) the vertical component of the pushing force

FY = 32 sin 600 = 27.71 N

60o

32 N FY

60o
FX
INCLINE What are the forces acting on the book?
PLANE

Normal reaction, R na l
t i o
Fric e, f
forc

Weight, W
Why doesn’t the book slide down? Wy perpendicular to the plane
Wx along the plane
W is resolved into 2 R y
components x
The forces acting on f
the book are
balanced.
Wx = f Wy = R WX
θ WY = W cos θ
Resultant force = 0
θ
W
Wx = W sin θ
 A block of wood of 5 kg which is placed
f
ationary on an inclined plane which makes an N
ngle θ = 30⁰ with the horizontal. The block of
ood is acted upon by several forces.
Label the forces:
(i)weight of the block, W
(ii the weight component which is parallel to the
θ
inclined plane, WX Wy
(iii) the weight component which is perpendicular
to the inclined plane, WY W
(iv) the normal reaction force, N
(v) the frictional force, f.
Determine the magnitude of:
  (i) W W = mg = 5 x 9.81 = 49.05 N Wx
 
(ii) WX Wx = W sin θ = 49.05 x sin 30 = 24.525 N
  
(iii) WY WY = W cos θ = 49.05 x cos 30 = 42.48 N
 
5. A block of wood of 5 kg which is placed
stationary on an inclined plane which makes an
f
N
angle θ = 30⁰ with the horizontal. The block of
wood is acted upon by several forces.

State what will happen to the wooden block if: Wx

 
θ
stationary
(i) Wx < f: …………………………………… Wy
 
Constant velocity
W
(ii) WX = f: ……………………………………
 
accelerates
(iii) WX > f: …………………………………… Wx
 
 1.2 RESOLUTION OF FORCES
LEARNING STANDARD
Student is able to:
1.2.2 Solve problems involving resultant
force and resolution of forces

BI
2. Sebuah troli dengan jisim 2 kg ditarik oleh daya 6 N pada arah 60⁰
daripada lantai mengufuk yang licin.

(a) Berapakah komponen mengufuk daya itu?

Fx = 6 cos 600 = 3 N
Fx fungsi: gerakkan troli ke depan

(b) Berapakah pecutan troli?

F = ma
a = 3/2 = 1.5 ms-2 60o
FX
Figure below shows a worker cutting grass
by pushing and pulling a lawn mower.

Q1

Using Physics concepts, compare the

difficulty of the job when the worker :
(i) pushes the lawn mower.
(ii) pulls the lawn mower.
You may use diagrams in your answer.
 (i) pushes the lawn mower.

FY F

FX
Total downward force: = W + FY FY

Total Downward force is greater, so the

lawn mover feels heavier Weight of lawn
mower, W
 (i) Pull the lawn mower.

FY
FY F

FX
Total downward force: = W - FY Weight of lawn
mower, W
Total downward force is lower, so
the lawn mover feels lighter
 2. A man pushes a lawnmower with a force of
100 N
(a) Indicate and label:
 The direction of force, F exerted by the
man on the handle of the lawnmower
 The direction of horizontal force, FX
 The direction of vertical force, FY
FY

) Fine: 300
The horizontal force FX
 
  F x = -100 cos 30 0
= - 86.6 N
The vertical force

FY = -100 sin 300 = - 50 N FY = -100 sin 300 = - 50 N

(c) What is the function of each component?
 
FX : ……………………………………………………
 
FY : ……………………………………………………

Fx : moves the lawnmower to the left

FY : acts/push downward to the ground
increases the downward force
(d) If the lawnmower weight 300 N, what is
the total downward force on the ground
FY = 50 N

Total downward force:

300 + 50 = 350 N W = 300 N
Downward force is greater, so the lawnmower feels heavier

But it is good to compress the grass and the cutting will

be more effective
 FY = 50 N
(e) If the lawnmower is pulled, what is the
total downward force on the ground?

FY = 100 sin 300 = 50 N ke atas

Daya paduan ke bawah: W = -300 N

300 + (- 50) = 250 N
Total downward force is lower, so the lawn
mover feels lighter
 (f) Which method of moving the lawnmower is more
effective to cut the grass? Why?

Pushing method because total downward force is

greater and it is good to compress the grass and
the cutting will be more effective
2. A car of mass 1500 kg is on an incline
road at 30⁰ from horizontal.
Calculate:
Weight of the block W = mg = 1500 x 10
= 15,000 N
The weight component
which is parallel to the
road
FX = 15000 sin 300 = 7500 N
The weight component Resultant force
which is perpendicular to along the road
the road
F = 7500 – 2500
FY = 15000 cos 300 = 12,990 N = 5000 N

F = ma
Acceleration of the car
a = F/m = 5000/1500 = 3.33 ms-2
 (vii) State the change to the car’s acceleration if the
road is steeper. Why?
The acceleration increases.
The road is steeper, θ will increase.
WX will cause the car to accelerate,
WX = W sin θ
θ increase, sin θ increase, WX increase.
Resultant force, F = WX – f increases.
So acceleration increase.
(ii)Why the driver needs to press the gas accelerator
harder when the car moves up the inclined road but
he only press the brake when the car is moving down?
Going up the incline plane, the car is moving
against gravitational force and decelerate. So he
has to press the petrol accelerator harder.
Going down: the car is accelerating. Press the
brake to slow down the car.
Horizontal component, FX caused the box to
move to the right
FX = F cos 60⁰ = 30 x 0.5 = 15 N

Forces act on the box in horizontal: FX to the

right and frictional force , 5 N to the left
Resultant force, F = FX – 5 = ma
4a = 15 – 5 = 10
a = 10/4 = 2.5 m s-2
FY F

FX
W = mg
 Rajah 13

Vertical component FY upwards,

Resultant force downwars is smaller /
W - FY
 Wx = frictional force
The box slides down with constant
velocity

W = mg = 43 x 10 = 430 N

Wx = 430 sin 20 = 147.0 N

Resultant force, F = Wx – f
Force which opposes motion

(i) 400 sin 30⁰ = 200 N

(ii) 200 – 120 = 80 N
(iii) F = ma
a = 80 / 40
= 2 ms-2
1st : Wc > frictional force
2nd :resultant force acts / F = ma
3rd : Wc = frictional force
4th :resultant force is zero
forces are in equilibrium
Mesin rumput J Mesin rumput K

Mesin rumput L Mesin rumput M

 Characteristics Reason
push Vertical component, FY bigger
Big mass Force downward bigger / stabil
Big cutter Can cut more grass
Angle between the Downward force is bigger
handle and horizontal
line is bigger.
Pilih M push, big mass, angle between the handle and
horizontal line is bigger.