Performance Objective

To Know about importance of

Transmission Line structures,
Tower erection, Stringing and
Commissioning procedures of
a 400KV Transmission Lines
 Line Construction
Preliminary Survey

Detailed Survey & Profile making

Spotting of tangent towers

Check Survey
 Line Construction…
Pit marking & stub-setting

Casting of foundations

Tower Erection

Stringing & Commissioning

 Importance of Tr.Structures
Role of keeping the conductor at
required levels
Maintaining required Ground
Clearance
At specified factor of safety
It consist of supports & Foundation
Exposed to worst climatic conditions
 Type of Towers
Based on No.of.Circuits

Single CKT/Double CKT/Multi CKT

Based on Configuration

Horizontal
Vertical
Tri-angular
“I” String/”V” String
 Type of tower …
Suspension/Tangent Towers

A/DA type - 0 to 2 Deg

Angle Towers
B/DB type - 2 to 15 Deg
C/DC type - 15 to 30 Deg
D/DD type - 30 to 60 Deg
Suspension/Tangent Towers
Suspension towers are used
primarily on tangent but often are
designed to withstand angles in the
line up to 2 Deg.

These towers caters only

compressive loads.
 Angle Towers
These towers are used wherever the
line angle is more than 2 deg.

Caters transverse loads, wind loads,

Ice loads.

Withstand under Broken wire

conditions.
 Terms in TL
Basic or Normal Span:
The normal span is most economical span
for which the line over level ground.
Ruling Span:
The ruling span is assumed design span
that will produce between dead ends, the
best average tension through out a line
varying span with change in temperature
and ice loading
 Terms in TL….
Average Span:
Average span is mean span length
between dead ends.
Wind Span:
The wind span is that on which the
wind is assumed to act transversly
on the conductor and is taken as half
the sum of two spans adjacent to the
supports.
 Terms in TL…
Weight Span:

The weight span is the horizontal

distance between the point of
conductors on the two spans
adjacent to the towers.
 Determination of Tower Ht
Min permissible Ground
Clearance(h1)
Maximum Sag(h2)
Vertical spacing between conductors
(h3)
Vertical clearance between the
Ground and Top conductor(h4)
Total Height = h1+h2+h3+h4
 Clearances
Ground Clearance 8.84meters

Power & Telecom 6.10meters

Railway Crossings 17.9meters

Vertical spacing 8.0meters

Horizontal spacing 12.0meters

Live metal clearance 3.05meters

 Factor of Safety of towers
Under Normal Conditions – 2.0

Under Broken Wire Conditions – 1.5

 Foundations
Location peg & Pit marking

Stub-setting and Template assembly

Classifications based on type of soil

Casting of foundations
Excavation
Stub setting & Completion of frustum
Casting of Chimney
 Tower Erection
Requirements

i) Bill of Materials
ii) Structural Drawings
iii) Required T & P incl. Tractor
iv) Required Tower parts at site
v) Skilled manpower
 Tower Erection - methods
Built up method

Section by section method

Ground Assembly method

Helicopter method
 TE - Procedures
Sorting of members

Positioning of Single pole Derrick

Positioning of Head Ropes

Lifting of main legs

Lifting of side members & braces

 TE – Procedures…..
Fixing of Diagonal members

Shifting of derrick

Progressive erection

Fixing of earth peaks

Fixing of Cross-arms
 TE - Procedures
Tightening of Bolts and nuts

Usage of self locking nuts

Punching of Bolt & Nuts above waist level

Tack welding of B&N up to waist level

Fixing of ACD, DP, NP, PP, CKT plates etc

Positioning first Leg
Erection of Second section
Erection of Third section
Fixing of Cross-arms
Fixing of Cross-arms