Motivation

DR. A. HANS
 TOPICS:
1. Concept & Process
2. Theories (Hierarchy of needs, X and Y, Two factor,
McClelland, Goal setting, Self-efficacy, Equity
theory);
3. Redesigning job and work arrangements;
4. Flexible benefits,
5. Intrinsic rewards
6. Job characteristics model;

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 MOTIVATION:

"A motive is an inner state that energies, activates or

moves and that directs behaviour towards goals.“
Also Known as Drive

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 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN:
Motive (Drive)
Motivating
Motivation

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 NATURE OF MOTIVATION:

1.Based on Motives
2.Goal Directed Behaviour
3.Related to satisfaction
4.Person motivated in totality
5.Complex Process

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NEEDS : Physiological
& Psychological
desires.
WANTS: Desires for
which a person has
money and also the
desire to spend the
money to satisfy the
wants.

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 TYPES OF NEEDS:

1.Primary needs (Innate, physiological Need )

2.Secondary needs (Learnt, Psychological Need)
3.General needs (Love)

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Basic Motivation Process

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 CONSEQUENCES OF NON FULFILMENT
OF NEED:

Flight(External Withdrawl)

Non- Satisfaction
Frustration Aggression
of Need

Apathy(Internal Externalised Internalised

Withdrawl)

Towards Source Towards Others

Person Inanimate
Object
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MOTIVATION & PERFORMANCE:

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 FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL
PERFORMANCE:

Motivation

Extrinsic
Abilities Resources
Performance Reward

Intrinsic
Role Perception
Sense of
Competence

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 ROLE OF MOTIVATION:

1.High Performance Level

2.Low Employee turnover and Absenteeism
3.Acceptance of Organistional Changes

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 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION:
1.Content Theories of Motivation:

1.Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory

2.Herzberg Two Factor Theory
3.McClelland Theory
4.Alderfer ERG Theory
2.Process Theories of Motivation

1.Vroom Theory
2.Porter & Lawler Theory
3.Mc Gregor Theory X & Y
4.Ouchi Theory Z
3.Contingency Theories of Motivation

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 FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL
PERFORMANCE:

1.Motivation Ability = Knowledge * Skills

2.Sense of Competence
3.Ability
4.Role perception
lRole Ambiguity
lRole Conflict

5.Organisational
Locus of Control:
Resources Internal
External
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 MASLOW NEED HIERARCHY THEORY:

A. H. MASLOW

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HERZBERG'S MOTIVATION -HYGIENE
THEORY:

FREDERICK HERZBERG
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Mc CLELLAND NEED THEORY:

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Mc CLELLAND NEED THEORY:

DAVID C McCLELLAND
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ALDERFER'S ERG MODEL:

ALDERFERS

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VROOM EXPECTANCY THEORY:

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VROOM EXPECTANCY THEORY:

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PORTER LAWLER MODEL OF
MOTIVATION

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 PORTER LAWLER MODEL OF
MOTIVATION:

Elements of Model:

1.Effort
2.Performance
3.Reward
4.Satisfaction

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 EQUITY THEORY:
1.Overpaid Inequity

2.Underpaid Inequity

3.Equity

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 Re-establishing Equity

1.Changing his Inputs

2.Changing his Outoes
3.Changing Perception about Inputs and Outcomes
4.Changing Inputs and Outcomes of Others
5.Changing the Persons Compared
6.Leaving the Situation

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 CARROT & STICK APPROACH OF
MOTIVATION:
Principle of
Reinforcement

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Mc GREGORS THEORY X & THEORY
Y:
1.Theory X
2.Theory Y

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 THEORY
Factors:
1.Trust
2.Strong Bond
3.Employee Involvement
4.No Formal Structure
5.Coordination of
Human Being

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SELF EFFICACY MODEL:

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SELF EFFICACY MODEL:

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MOTIVATION THROUGH SELF EFFICACY

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 FLEXIBLE BENEFITS & INTRINSIC
REWARDS:

1. Intrinsic rewards & Extrinsic rewards

2. Monetary & Non Monetary Motivation

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 INCENTIVES

Financial Non Financial

1. Performance Based Pay 1. Recognition
2. Profit Sharing 2. Appreciation
3. Stock Option 3. Autonomy

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QWALITY OF WORK LIFE

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Motivation in Organization: WLB

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JOB SATISFACTION

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JOB CHARACTERISTICS MODEL:

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 QUESTIONS:

1.What is the concept of Motivation? How does it

affect the behaviour & Performance
2.What are the factors which affect individual
performance?
3.What is meant by Hierarchal nature of needs? Is this
hierarchy rigid? Explain.
4.Critically examine Herzberg two factor theory. Make
a comparison between theories of Herzberg &
Maslow. Which of these theories do you prefer in
Indian context? Give reasons
5.Explain each of the theories and compare it with
Maslow need hierarchy theory.

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