Internal

ODP500001 Principles of
the Routing Protocols

ISSUE 1.0 www.huawei.com

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 The router is necessary in the
internet, and the main function of the
router is to interconnect different
networks together.
But how to realize it with a router?
And how can the IP packet be
transmitted from one network to
another?

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 Upon completion of this course, you
will be able to:
 Understand functions of the route
and routing table.
 Know the configuration of static
route and default route

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 Chapter 1 Route and Routing Table

Chapter 2 Static route

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 What’s The Route?

 A route is the path information to guide IP packets to be

transferred.

Destination
R1 network N

(N,R1,
M）

Other networks

How to get a route ?

----use the routing table.

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 The Routing Table Information

<Router>display ip routing-table
Routing Tables:
Destination/Mask proto pref Cost Nexthop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 STATIC 60 0 10.0.1.1 Ethernet1/0
1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 10.0.1.1 Ethernet1/0
1.1.1.0/24 STATIC 60 0 10.0.1.1 Ethernet1/0
1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 10.0.1.1 Ethernet1/0
2.2.2.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
10.0.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.0.1.2 Ethernet1/0
10.0.1.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.0/8 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

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 Protocol

 Direct route discovered by the link-layer protocol

 Static route configured manually

 Route discovered by the dynamic routing protocol

 For example: RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP.

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 Route Preference

 The route obtained by the protocol of the highest preference is

preferred and added in the routing table.
 the smaller the numerical value, the higher the preference

 Except the direct route, preferences of all dynamic routing

protocols can be configured manually according to the users'
requirement.
 Besides, preference of each static route may differ.

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 Route Preference

 The routers produced by different manufacturers have different

specifications on the preferences of the routing protocols.

 Default value of Router series(VRP 5.1):

Routing Preference
Protocol
DIRECT 0
OSPF 10
IS-IS 15
STATIC 60
RIP 100
IBGP 255
OSPF ASE 150
EBGP 255
Untrustworthy 255

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 Route Metric

 The route metric identifies the cost for arriving at the destination
address. Generally, the route metric value is influenced by:
 Line delay, bandwidth, line seizure ratio, degree of line reliability,
hop count, MTU
 The metric value of the static route is 60.Different dynamic routing
protocols will select one or several factor (s) to calculate the metric
value.
 The metric value is meaningful for comparison of the routing
protocols of a type. The metric values of different routing protocols
are not comparable and thus no conversion relationship exists
among them.

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 Route Matching Fundamental

 longest matching

 preference

 cost

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 Chapter 1 Route and Routing Table

Chapter 2 Static route

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 Static Route Configuration
Configuration command and configuration mode

[Router]ip route-static <ip_address> [ <mask> | <masklen> ] <interf

ace_name> | <gateway_address> [ preference <preference_value> ]
[ reject | blackhole ]

Example:
ip route-static 129.1.0.0 16 10.0.0.2
ip route-static 129.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.0.0.2
ip route-static 129.1.0.0 16 Serial 2/0

Note: only the interface of the next hop is of point-to-point nature (PPP,HDLC) , ca
n <interface_name> be filled, otherwise, the <gateway_address> must be filled.

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 Example Of The Static Route
129.1.0.0/16

Router A Router B
S2/0 S2/0 E0/1

10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2

 On the Router A route, configure ：

 ip route-static 129.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.0.0.2 or ：

 ip route-static 129.1.0.0 16 10.0.0.2 or ：

 ip route-static 129.1.0.0 16 Serial 2/0

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 Default Route

 The default route is also a static route. In brief, it is used when

no matched route item can be found in the routing table.
 In the internet, 99.99% of the routers have a default route.

 It is not always the static route manually configured,

Sometimes, the default route can be generated by the dynamic
routing protocol.

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 Default Route
Router A Router B

.1 10.0.0.0/8 .2

S2/1 S2/0

Public Network
On the router A, configure ：
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2

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 Route Self-Loop

 "Route self-loop" refers to the case where a packet sent from a

router is forwarded several times and then returns to the
original router again .
 “Route self-loop” is harmful to the network, and should be
avoided.

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 Route Self-Loop
Router A Router B

.1 10.0.0.0/ 8 .2

S2/1 S2/0

Network N Public Network

On the Router A router , configure ： On the Router B router, configure ：

ip route 20.0.0.0 8 10.0.0.2 ip route 20.0.0.0 8 10.0.0.1

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 Questions

 How many kinds of Route origination?

 What’s the default route?

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 Summary

 Function of route and routing table

 The structure of the routing table

 Principle of Route matching fundamental

 Static route and default route

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Thank You
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