PROCESSES involved in the

CENTRAL DOGMA
of MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
 DNA
Replication
 DNA Replication
ensures that each cell has the complete set of
DNA molecules during cell division
 DNA Replication
during this process, the DNA molecules
separate into two complementary strands.
Both of them can serve as a template for a
new strand
 DNA Replication
different enzymes perform several functions in
DNA replication. Some of these include unzipping
DNA molecules by breaking down the hydrogen
bonds between base pairs.
 DNA Replication
DNA replication process is usually described as
SEMICONSERVATIVE because half of the DNA
is composed of the old template strand and the
other half is composed of the newly synthesized
strand
 DNA Replication
the resulting complementary strand of DNA
molecules is identical to the original strand. Thus,
each DNA molecule undergoing replication
produces one original strand and one new strand.
EXAMPLE: Provide the complementary base for each item
(DNA)
1. ATAAGGCGATTTAACCCG

2.CGCGAATTAATATCCGCGT
 DNA Transcription
the process by which RNA is synthesized
from DNA. This happens when a DNA
portion is copied to form its complementary
mRNA sequence
 EXAMPLE: Convert the given coding sequence into an
mRNA transcript :

1.Template sequence -
TACTCCGCTAAATTGGGC
mRNA sequence-
 Translation
happens when the message carried by mRNA is
decoded into a protein or a polypeptide chain. This
process involves the RIBOSOMES, which contain
small and large subunits
 EXAMPLE: Translate the given mRNA into a
polypeptide sequence

1.mRNA transcript-
AUGAGGCGAUUUAACCCG
polypeptide sequence-
EXAMPLE: Using the following DNA sequence:
5’ ATG CAT AGA TTA GGA TAT CCC AGA TAG 3’
a.Provide the Complementary strand.

B.Provide the mRNA strand using the complementary

strand.

C.Provide the polypeptide sequence.

 In summary, gene expression happens when
DNA is transcribed into a molecules of
mRNA, which is then translated into a
defined sequence of amino acids in a protein.