Final Report

on
Wireless Power Transfer
At

Submitted To: Submitted By: Gaurav Raj

Dr. Aditya Agrahari Alok Kumar Rai
Course Code: CHE 110 Sameer Kumar Rai
CSE-I Year (1 SEM)
Roll no:19
Section: K19AP-G1
 Introduction

 WPT technology is an old technology and it was demonstrated by “Nikola

Tesla” in the year 1980.
 Wireless power transmission mainly uses three main systems such as
microwaves, solar cells and resonance.
 Microwave are used in an electric device to transmit electromagnetic radiation
from a source to a receiver.
 Accurately the name WPT states that the electrical power can be transferred
from a source to a device without using wires.
 Basically, it includes two coils they are transmitter coil & a receiver coil. When
the transmitter coil is powered by AC current to create a magnetic field, which
in return induces a voltage in the receiver coil and this process is basically
called as Faraday’s law of Mutual Induction.
History of WPT “A Potential Ideal for future”

 Tesla demonstrates wireless

transmission by “electrostatic
induction” during an 1891 lecture at
Columbia College.
 In 1897 Nikola Tesla pioneer induction
techniques, had a vision for “World
Wireless System”.
 A 187 feet tall tower was build to
broadcast energy, so that all people
can have access to have free energy.
 He managed to light 200 lamps from a
distance of 40km.
 Inductive Coupling
 Primary and Secondary coils are not connected with wires.
 Energy transfer is due to Mutual Induction
 Example: Transformer, Wireless Charging pad (WCP),electric brushes.
 On a WCP, the devices are to be kept, battery will be automatically charged.
 The charging pad(primary coil) and the device(secondary coil) have to be kept very near to each
other.
 It is preferred because it is comfortable.
 Less use of wires or negligible uses of wires.
 Wireless Power Transfer Circuit
 The simple wireless power transmission circuit mainly include 20-30 magnet
wire (insulated copper wire), a battery, Transistor 2N2222 and a LED. The
construction of this circuit comprises a transmitter and a receiver.
 Take a PVC pipe and whirl a wire on it seven times after whirling a wire about
three inches make a loop for center terminal and continue the process. Now
take the transistor 2n2222 and connect its base terminal to one end of the
copper coil, the collector terminal to the other end of the copper coil and
now connect the emitter terminal to the –ve terminal of the battery. The
center terminal of the copper coil will be connected with the +ve terminal of
the battery. When the receiver coil is placed 1 inch above the transmitter
coil, then the LED will blink.
 Wireless Power transfer Circuit Working

 The wireless power transmission can be defined as the energy that can be
transmitted from the transmitter to a receiver through an oscillating
magnetic field.
 To accomplish this, power source (DC current) is changed into high frequency
AC (Alternating Current) by particularly designed electronics erected into the
transmitter. The AC boosts a copper wire coil in the transmitter, which
produces a magnetic field. When the receiver coil is placed in proximity of
the magnetic field, the magnetic field can makes an AC (alternating current)
in the receiving coil. Eletronically, the receiving coil alters the AC back into
DC which becomes operating power.
 Project based on WPT
1.Alaska ‘21
 In 1993 a project was presented
about wireless power supply in
Alaska named “Alaska ’21”.
 A pilot project was conducted to
supply power to rural areas in
Alaska.
 The system used for this project is
consisted of a 2.45 GHz phased array
design. The distances that should be
bridged are between 1 and 15 miles.
 2.Grand Bassin-La reunion

 This WPT project as to supply electricity

to a remote mountain village by beaming
electrical power to the tourist village of
Grand Bassin on the island of La Reunion.
 The plan was to build a microwave link
operating at 2.45 GHz over a distance of
700 meters and delivering 100 kW with an
overall efficiency of 57%.
 A prototype was build and presented at
the Wireless power transmission
conference in 2001, but the estimated
cost rendered the project uneconomic.
 3. Hawaii
 In May 2008, a long range WPT
demonstration was realized on one of the
islands of Hawaii.
 It involved transmission of wireless energy
over a distance of 148 kilometers.
 Although the amount of power
transmitted,20 watts, was barely enough to
power a small compact fluroscent light bulb,
the system was limited by the budget not the
physics.
 If they had been able to afford more solar
panels, more phased array transmitters and
better receivers, better results could have
been achieved.
 Advantages & Disadvantages of near-field techniques

Advantages Disadvantages
 No wires
 Distance constraint
 No e-waste
 Need for battery is limited  Field strengths have to be under
 Efficient energy transfer using RIC safety levels
 Harmless, if field strengths under safety
 Initial cost is high
levels  In Resonance Induction Coupling ,
turning is difficult
 Maintenance cost is less
 High frequency signal must be
supplied
 Air Ionization technique is not
feasible
 Advantage & Disadvantages of far-field techniques

Advantages Disadvantages
 Simple design  High power loss
 Lower frequency operation
 Non-directionality
 Inefficient for longer distances
 Low cost
 Radiative
 Efficient
 Needs line-of-sight
 Easy
 Initial cost is high
 Practical for short distances
 When lasers are used,
 Need for grids, substations etc are eliminated.  conversion is inefficient
 Low maintainance cost.  Absorption loss is high
 More effective when they transmitting and  When microwaves are used,
receiving points are alone a line-of-sight.
 interference may rise
 Can reach the places which are remote and
hilly mountain areas
 Fried bird effect
 Applications
 Near field energy transfer
 Electric automobile charging
 Static and moving
 Consumer electronics
 Industrial purposes
 Harsh environment
 Far-Field energy transfer
 Solar Power Satellites
 Energy to remote areas
 Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
 Our particular research in this project
 Do you know how much power FM radio stations sent to air? In the
receiver side, we get only a few milliwatts of power.
 Let me take the case of wireless chargers. There are inefficient junk.
We have to exactly place the phone over the charging pad and the
charging pad is connecting by wires.
 Both the phone and wireless charger have extra accessories like the
coil, and other regulators to receive the wireless electricity. Wired
chargers are efficient. Why those mobile companies did replaced an
efficient means of charging by inefficient one?
 There are millions of mobile phones and think of little energy wasted
by millions of phones.
 All radio communication devices work on the principle of wireless
transmission.
 Future Scope
 In future transmission will be without wires
 It would be more efficient
 Low maintenance cost but high initial cost
 Better then conventional wired transfer.
 Energy crisis can be decreased
 Low power loss
 In near future, world will be completely wireless.
 Consumer electronics
 Transport
 Heating and ventilation
 Industrial engineering
 Model engineering
 Safety issues: Bio-effects
 A general public perception that microwave are harmful has been a major
obstacle for the acceptance of WPT.
 A major concern is that long term exposure to low levels of microwave might be
unsafe and could even cause cancer.
 Scientific reasons indicates that heating of humans exposed to the radiation is
the only known effect, although there are also claims of low-level non-thermal
effects.
 A clearly relevant bio-effects is the effect of microwave radiation on birds, they
so-called “fried bird effect”. Research has been carried out at 2.45 GHz. The
outcome showed slight thermal effects that probably are welcome in the winter
and to be avoided in the summer. Larger birds tend to experience more heat
stress than small birds.
 The conclusion of bio-effects research is that microwaves exposure are generally
harmless except for the case penetrating exposure to intense fields far above
existing exposure limits.