Transformation

(Unit-1)
Transformation
• For every point (x,y) in the z-plane, the function w=f(z) defines a corresponding
point (u,v) in the w-plane. This process is known as transformation or mapping of
z-plane into w-plane.

w=f(z)=u+iv
y
v

• (x,y) • (u,v)

x u

z-plane w-plane
Some Standard Transformations:
1. Translation: A translation map is defined as
,
where c=a+ib is a constant.

• Under this map

Which implies that u=x+a, v=y+b.

• Translation can be simply described as shifting of axes.
Example 1: Transform the rectangular region ABCD in z-plane
bounded by x=1, x=3, y=0, y=3, under the transformation w=
f(z)=z+(2+i)
Given w=z+(2+i), or

By equating the real and imaginary parts,

Thus, the line x=1 in z-plane is mapped to the line u=3 in w-plane. Similarly, x=3 is
mapped to u=5, y=0 is mapped to v=1, y=3 is mapped to v=4. And, the region ABCD
in z-plane is mapped to the region EFGH in w-plane as shown here.
2. Magnification:
The magnification map is defined as

(note that c is a real number)

• Under this transformation, both the figures in z-plane and w-plane are similar.
• The figure in w-plane is magnified c-times the size of the figure in z-plane.

Example: Determine the region in w-plane of the rectangular region enclosed by

x=1, y=1, x=2, y=2 under the transformation w=3z.

that is, u=3x, v=3y. (Cont…)

• (contd…) Thus, the mapped region in w-plane is enclosed by u=3, v=3,
u=6, v=6 (size of the figure is magnified 3 times).
Example: Find the image of the triangle with vertices i, 1+i, 1-i in
the z-plane, under the transformation

• Clearly, , that is,

• . Thus, we can see that
3. Rotation: The rotation map is defined as

• It rotates the figure in z-plane through an angle (anti-clockwise) in w-plane.

Example: Consider the transformation , and determine the region R’ in w-plane

corresponding to the triangular region R bounded by the lines x=0, y=o and x+y=1
in the z-plane.
Solution: By the given map we can write

that is,

(cont…)
(contd…) by equating the real and imaginary parts, we get

• For x=0 ,

• For y=0 ,

• For x+y=1 ,

(cont…)
(contd…)Thus the mapped region in w-plane is given by
4. Magnification and Rotation: This map is defined by w=cz, where c,z,w all are
complex numbers.
To simplify it further, let us assume
, that is
• The figure in w-plane is magnified by a factor of a.
• And, its is rotated anti-clockwise by an angle of .

Example: Find the image of the triangle in the z-plane bounded by the lines x=0, y=0,
x+y=1 under the transformation w=2iz.

Solution: Under the given map u+iv=2i(x+iy), that is, u=-2y and v=2x. (contd…) And the
region given in z-plane is mapped to the region bounded by the lines v=0, u=0, v-u=2.
(By plotting this, one may observe that the region is magnified by a factor of 2 and
rotated by an angle of )
5. Inversion and Reflection:
This map is defined by This transformation is the inversion of z followed by
reflection into the real axis.

Algebraically,

that is, x which implies that

Or,

These equations can be used to find the image of the region mapped to w-plane.
Example: (Choose the correct option) What is the image of the region |z+1|=1
under the mapping w=1/z.
(a) 2u+1=0 (b) 2v+1=0 (c) 2v-i=0

Solution:
Thus, we have
Given
or,

Thus, we can see that is the required region in w-plane.

Unsolved Problems:
1. Find the image of the semi infinite strip under the transformation w=iz+1. (Ans:
-1<u<1 , v>0).
2. Determine the region in the w-plane in which the rectangle bounded by the
lines x=0, y=0, x=2, and y=1 is mapped under the transformation z . (Ans:
Region bounded by the lines v=-u, v=u, u+v=4, v-u=2).
3. Show that the transformation transforms the straight line x=c in the z-plane
into a circle in the w-plane.
4. Find the image of |z-2i|=2 under the mapping . (Ans: 4v+1=0 )