To determine the Minimum Miscibility

Pressure by using different Correlation

Minimum Miscibility Pressure(MMP)
The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is defined as
the lowest pressure for which a gas can develop
miscibility through a multiple contact process with a
given reservoir oil at reservoir temperature.

Minimum Miscibility pressure is usually calculated

experimentally by slim tube experiment.

Based on these experimental results different empirical

correlations have been developed for the calculation of
minimum miscibility pressure.
Problem # 1
Calculation of the MMP for a Condensing-Gas
Displacement Process.
Assume that a reservoir that is to be flooded with a
condensing process is at 150°F. The average molecular
weight of the C5+ of the reservoir oil is 240. A
displacement gas is available with the composition 60
mol% CH4, 30 mol% C3H8, and 10 mol % C4H10. The
maximum pressure at which the displacement can be
conducted is 2000 psia. Determine whether multiple-
contact miscibility can be achieved at the specified
conditions.
Solution Steps
Step 1
 Calculate the molecular weight intermediate components
mixture i.e. C3 and C4 ,by multiplying individual mole fraction
of the components with their molecular weight.
Step 2
 Use the graph below and evaluate the MMP since we already
know mole percent of intermediates components and average
molecular weight of C5+.
Step 3
 Compare the evaluated MMP with the maximum pressure at
which displacement is conducted. MMP should be less than the
maximum pressure in order to achieve multiple contact
miscibility.
Problem # 2
Determine the MMP and maximum injection pressure
for the following systems and then discuss about the
effect of purity of carbon dioxide (assume the reservoir
temperature is 80oC)
1. Dead oil and pure CO2 system
2. Dead oil and impure CO2 system
Solution Steps
Step 1
 Calculate the MMP for dead oil and pure and impure CO2 system
by using following Equations
MMP  0 . 116 T  27 . 1 .......... ....( for pure CO 2 system )
MMP  0 . 222 T  51 . 0 .......... ....( for impure CO 2 system )
where ' T ' is in kelvin and ' MMP ' is in MPa

Step 2
 Calculate
P  0maximum injection
.384T  102 .8..........pressure is determined
....( for pure by )the
CO system
max 2
following equation.
Pmax  0.281T  61 .9.......... ......( for impure CO 2 system )
Minimum Miscibility Pressure Correlations
1. Cronquist (valid for oil 23.7-440 API, TR 21.67-
1200C and MMP 7.4-34.5MPa)
MMP  0 . 11027  (1 . 8  T R  32 ) Y and
Y  0 . 744206  0 . 0011038  MW C 5  0 . 0015279  Vol
o
where MMP is in MPa , MW C 5 in g / mol , Vol in % and T R in C.

Lee  7 .3924  10 b
2. MMP  1519 
and b  2 .772   
 492  1 .8  TR 
where T R in oC and MMP in MPa

Yellig
3. MMP  12and
.6472 Metcalfe(applicable
 0.015531  (1.8  TR  32 )  1for T R 10
.24192 35-88.9
4 0
C)
716 .9427
 (1 .8  TR  32 ) 2  where TR in oC and MMP in MPa
1.8  TR  32
Minimum Miscibility Pressure Correlations
4. Orr and Jensen (developed for TR 35-88.90C)
 2015 
MMP  0 . 101386  EXP  10 . 91  
 255 . 372  0 . 5556  (1 . 8  T R  32 ) 
where T R in o C and MMP in MPa

5. Alston et al.
If Pb  0 . 345 MPa ,
0 . 136
6 1 . 06 1 . 78  Vol 
MMP  6 . 056  10  (1 . 8  T R  32 )  ( MW C 5 )  
 Int 
If Pb  0 . 345 MPa
MMP  6 . 056  10  6  (1 . 8  T R  32 ) 1 .06  ( MW C 5 ) 1 .78
Problem # 3
Calculate the MMP for a typical CO2 flood by using
proposed correlation by Cronquist, Lee, Yellig and
Metcalfe and by Orr and Jensen. The required data are
as follows:
TR = 80oC,
MWC5+ = 240.7 g/mol and Vol = 53.36%
Problem # 4
Calculate the MMP for a typical CO2 flood proposed
by Alston et al. The required data are as follows

TR = 34.4oC ; MWC5+ = 212.56 g/mol

Vol/Int = 1.56 and Pb = 6.5MPa.
MMP Correlation for CO2 with Impurity
1. Impurity Correction Factor by Alston et al.
 1 . 935  87 . 8  
 
 87 . 8   1 . 8  T cm  32  

F impure   
 1 . 8  T cm  32 
T cm   w i  T ci
where
T ci is critical temperatur e of each component in o C
T cm is modified critical temperatu re in o C ;
F impure impurity correction factor
and w i weight factor of each component in fraction
MMP Correlation for CO2 with Impurity
2. Impurity Correction Factor by Sebastian et al.
Fimpure  1.0  2.13  10 2 (TcM  304.2)  2.51 10 4 (TcM  304.2) 2
 2.35  10  7 (TcM  304.2) 3
where
TcM   xi  Tci

Tci is critical Temperatur e of each component ; TcM is modified critical temperatur e in K

Fimpure is impurity correction factor ; xi is mole fraction of each component
Problems # 5
 Calculate the corrected MMP for a typical CO2 flood
proposed by Alston et al and Sebastian et al. The
required data are as follows
TR = 34.4oC ; MWC5+ = 212.56 g/mol
Vol/Int = 1.56 ; Pb = 6.5MPa ;
H2S weight fraction of 0.1 as an impure component and
critical temperature Tc =51.67oC
Solution steps
Alston et al Correlation
1. Calculate the MMP value by using Alston et al correlation
2. Then evaluate Tcm modified impurities critical temperature by
multiplying weight fraction with critical temperature.
3. Then evaluate impurity correction factor Fimpure.
4. Multiply impurity correction factor with the predicted value of
MMP calculated in first step.
 Sebastian et al Correlation
1. Multiply the critical temperature with the mole fraction H 2S
2. Convert 0C into Kelvin.
3. Evaluate impurity correction factor F impure.
4. Multiply correction factor with the predicted value of MMP
calculated by Alston et al Correlation
Solution Problem # 1
The molar composition of intermediate C3 is 75% and
C4 is 25%. So the average molecular weight of the
intermediates is calculated as:
M w  0 . 75  44  0 . 25  58  47 . 5
The intermediate make up 40% of the composition. So
from graph with MWc5+ 240, the MMP value comes
out to be 2100 psig.
Since the evaluated pressure is greater than maximum
displacement pressure. Therefore, miscibility cannot
be achieved.
Solution Problem # 2
Solution Problem # 3
Cronquist Correlation

Lee Correlation
Solution Problem # 3
Yellig and Metcalfe Correaltion

Orr and Jensen Correlation

Solution Problem # 4
Solution Problem # 5