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A/F =
Problem
# One kmol of octane (C8H18) is burned with
air that contains 20 kmol of O2, as shown in
Fig. Assuming the products contain only CO2,
H2O, O2, and N2, determine the mole number
of each gas in the products and the air–fuel
ratio for this combustion process.
Solution: Chemical equation for the combustion process is –
1(C8H18)+ 20(O2 + 3.76 N2) → xCO2 + yH2O + zO2 + wN2
Unknowns x, y, z and w are determined by applying the mass balance to
each of the elements
C: 8 = x → x = 8
H: 18 = 2y → y = 9
O: 20 × 2 = 2x + y + 2z → z = 7. 5
N: (20).(3.76) = w → w = 75.2
Substituting yields
C8H18+ 20(O2 + 3.76 N2) → CO2 + 9H2O + 7.5O2 + 75.2N2
Problem
That is, 10.2 kg of air is supplied for each kg of coal in the furnace.
Burning Natural Gas with Excess Air
# A natural gas has the following molar analysis: CH4, 80.62%; C2H6,
5.41%; C3H8, 1.87%; C4H10, 1.60%; N2, 10.50%. The gas is burned with
dry air, giving products having a molar analysis on a dry basis: CO 2, 7.8%;
CO, 0.2%; O2, 7%; N2, 85%. (a) Determine the air–fuel ratio on a molar
basis. (b) Assuming ideal gas behavior for the fuel mixture, determine the
amount of products in kmol that would be formed from 100 m3 of fuel
mixture at 300 K and 1 bar. (c) Determine the percent of theoretical air.
• The chemical equation then takes the form
• The amount of fuel in kmol, nF, present in 100 m3 of fuel mixture at 300K
and 1 bar can be determined from the ideal gas equation of state as
• Total amount of products is b + c = 12.931 + 1.93 = 14.861 kmol of
products per kmol of fuel.
• Accordingly, the amount of product mixture that would be formed from
100 m3 of fuel mixture is (14.861)(4.01) = 59.59 kmol of product gas.
• The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of the fuel
mixture with the theoretical amount of air is