Present Perfect Tense

Group 11
A. DEFINITION OF PRESENT
PREFECT TENSE
Present perfect tense may be used for things that are generally true at the
present time but not necessarily happening right now. Present perfect tense
used to show actions or states of being that began in the past but are still
going on in the present (Eastwood, 2002).

Present perfect tense dapat digunakan untuk hal-hal yang umumnya benar
pada saat ini tetapi tidak harus terjadi sekarang. Present perfect tense
digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan atau keadaan yang dimulai di masa
lalu tetapi masih berlangsung di masa sekarang (Eastwood, 2002).
 I
You Past Participle
Have
We Verb 3
They

He
Past Participle
Has
Verb 3
She
It
 Desi has taken dinner with her
friend
Object
Desi
Auxilary
has
Past participle
Verb 3
take
Adverb n
dinner with her friend
B. Present Perfect Tense
Formula
Type of Sentence
(Jenis Kalimat)
Form of Sentence
(Bentuk Kalimat)
Present Perfect Tense Formula
(Rumus Present Perfect Tense)
Example
(Contoh Kalimat)

Positif Verbal S + have/has +Verb-3 + O/Adv She has visited the doctor, recently
Dia telah mengunjungi dokter, baru
baru ini

Nominal S + have/has+ been + Noun/Adj/Adv She has been in New York since March
7th
Dia telah berada di New York sejak 7
Maret

Negatif Verbal S + have/has + not+ Verb-3 + O/Adv She has not visited the doctor, recently
Dia belum mengunjungi dokter, baru
baru ini

Nominal S + have/has + not + been + Noun/Adj/Adv She has not been in New York
Dia belum berada di New York
 Type of
Sentence Form of Sentence Present Perfect Tense Formula Example
(Jenis (Bentuk Kalimat) (Rumus Present Perfect Tense) (Contoh Kalimat)
Kalimat)

Negatif Verbal S + have/has + not+ Verb-3 + She has not visited

the
O/Adv doctor, recently
Dia belum mengunjungi dokter, baru
baru ini

Nominal S + have/has + not + been + She has not been in New

York
Noun/Adj/Adv Dia belum berada di New York
Interrogative Verbal Have/has+ S + verb-3 Has she visited
+ the
O/Adv doctor recently?
Apakah dia mengunjungi dokter
baru-baru ini?

Nominal Have/has + S + been Has she been in

+ New
Noun/Adj/Adv? York in March 7th?
Apakah dia telah di New York pada
7 Maret?
C. The Function of Present Prefect
Tense
To express a present result of the past action.

To express past action and the period time isn’t finished, or repeated action

To use the present perfect for state.

To express life experience

To express
a present
result of the
past action. Untuk mengungkapkan hasil
sekarang dari tindakan masa lalu.

Steven Grant has not remember

that he had a date 2 days ago.
Steven Grant tidak ingat bahwa dia berkencan 2 hari
yang lalu
The visitors have arrived means
that the visitors are here now.
Para pengunjung telah tiba berarti para pengunjung
telah datang sekarang.
 To express
action and the
past
period time Untuk menyatakan tindakan
isn’t finished, or masa lalu, periode waktu yang
repeated action belum selesai, atau tindakan
yang berulang.

Ms. Wini has taught in STIKES

YPIB Majalengka for four
years.
Ibu Wini telah mengajar di STIKES YPIB
Majalengka selama empat tahun.
They have already had 5th
marriage anniversary in
Egypt.
Mereka sudah merayakan ulang tahun
pernikahan ke-5 di Mesir.
I have
Saya ridden
sudah lots oftimes.
sering berkuda.
We can also
use the
present
perfect for Kita juga bisa
state. menggunakan present
perfect untuk keadaan.
(Since, recently,
for…years/month/week)

He has been diagnosed

sleeping disorder
since 2019.
Dia telah didiagnosis gangguan tidur
sejak 2019.
I've had these skis for
years.
Saya sudah bermain ski ini selama
bertahun-tahun.
To
life
express
experience Untuk
mengungkapkan
pengalaman hidup
(Ever, never)
Has he ever worked in Gift
Shop before?
Apakah dia pernah bekerja di Gift Shop
sebelumnya?
Layla has tried es cekek in
Cairo for first time.
Layla telah mencoba es cekek di Kairo
untuk pertama kalinya.
 Adverb of
Time
Some typical time expressions with the present perfect tense are
just, recently, lately, already, before, sofar, still, ever/never, today,
this morning/evening,for weeks/years, since 1988. Some of these
are also used with the past simple
Beberapa ekspresi waktu yang khas dengan kalimat present perfect seperti
just; hanya, recently; baru-baru ini, lately; akhir-akhir ini, already; sudah,
before; sebelumnya, so far: sejauh ini, ever/never; masih, pernah/tidak
pernah, today; hari ini, this morning/evening for; pagi/sore ini, weeks/years;
selama berminggu-minggu/bertahun-tahun, since 1988; sejak 1988. Beberapa
di antaranya juga digunakan dengan simple past.
 Information time Translation

(Keterangan Waktu) (Terjemahan)

Already Sudah selesai

Ever/never Pernah/tidak pernah

Just Baru saja

Once/twice Sekali/dua kali

Three times Tiga kali

So far Sampai kini

Since Sejak

Not...yet Belum

As yet Hingga kini

Ago Yang lalu

For... Selama

Finally Akhirnya

This week/month/year Minggu/bulan/tahun ini

For week/month/year Selama seminggu/sebulan/setahun

At last Akhirnya
Thank
You
 Disusun oleh

1. Irma Yuliana (19142011087)

2. Maulia Indah(19142011091)
CHAPTER 1 Maret 2022 Page 01
INTRODUCTION

Passive voice is a form of sentence in which the subject of the sentence receives the action, not performs the
action. Unlike active voice which focuses on the party taking the action (doer of action), this form focuses more on the
party or object that receives the result of the action (receiver of action).

Passive voice adalah suatu bentuk kalimat dimana subjek kalimat menerima aksi, bukan melakukan aksi. Tidak seperti
active voice yang fokus terhadap pihak yang melakukan aksi (doer of action), bentuk ini lebih berfokus kepada pihak atau
objek yang menerima hasil dari suatu aksi tersebut (receiver of action).

Passive sentences are often used in formal texts. Changing it to active sentences will make your writing clearer
and easier to read.

Kalimat pasif sering digunakan dalam teks formal. Mengubahnya menjadi kalimat aktif akan membuat tulisan Anda
lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dibaca.
CHAPTER 1 Maret 2022 Page 02
INTRODUCTION

What is the importance of understanding the Passive Voice? (Apa pentingnya memahami kalimat
pasif?)

How to use Passive Voice? (Bagaimana cara menggunakan kalimat pasif?)

Knowing the importance of understanding The Passive Voice (Mengetahui pentingnya memahami kalimat
pasif)

Knowing how to use Passive Voice (Mengetahui bagaimana cara menggunakan kalimat pasif)
 CHAPTER II Maret 2022 Page 03
DISCUSSION

Passive sentence or passive voice used to show interest in the person or object that is being acted on and not the person or object that
is doing the action. So, the most important thing or person will be the subject of the sentence.

Kalimat pasif atau passive voice digunakan untuk menunjukkan ketertarikan pada seseorang atau objek yang dikenai tindakan
dan bukan seseorang atau objek yang melakukan tindakan. Jadi, hal atau orang yang terpenting akan menjadi subjek kalimat.

Example

01 The passive voice is used frequently. (= we are interested in the passive voice, not who uses it.)

Kalimat pasif sering digunakan. (= kami tertarik pada kalimat pasif, bukan siapa yang menggunakannya.)

02 The house was built in 1654. (= we are interested in the house, not who built it.)

Rumah itu dibangun pada 1654. (= kami tertarik pada rumah itu, bukan siapa yang membangunnya.)

03 The road is being repaired. (= we are interested in the path, not who is doing the repairs.)

Jalan sedang diperbaiki. (= kita tertarik pada jalurnya, bukan siapa yang melakukan perbaikan.)
CHAPTER II Maret 2022 Page 04
DISCUSSION

Sometimes, we use the passive voice because we don't know or don't want to say who did the action.

Terkadang, kita menggunakan kalimat pasif karena kita tidak mengetahui atau tidak ingin menyatakan siapa yang melakukan tindakan.

Example

I noticed that a window had been left open. ( Saya menyadari bahwa jendela itu telah dibiarkan terbuka )

Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads. ( Setiap seribu tahun orang.orang terbunuh di jalan kita )

All the cookies have been eaten. ( Semua kuenya sudah dimakan )

My car has been stolen! ( Mobilku telah dicuri )

Passive sentences are often used in formal texts. Changing it to active sentences will make your writing clearer and easier to
read.
Kalimat pasif sering digunakan dalam teks formal. Mengubahnya menjadi kalimat aktif akan membuat tulisan Anda lebih jelas dan lebih

mudah dibaca.
CHAPTER II Februari 2022 Page 05
DISCUSSION

Positive Negative Question Negative Question

The house was The house wasn't Was the house Wasn't the house
built in built in built in built in
1899. 1899 1899? 1899?
These houses were built in These houses weren't built Were these houses built in Weren't these houses built
1899 in 1899. 1899? in 1899?

Positif Negatif Pertanyaan Pertanyaan Negatif

Rumah itu telah Rumah itu tidak Apakah rumah itu Bukankah rumah itu dibangun
dibangun dibangun dibangun pada tahun 1899?
pada tahun 1899 tahun 1899 pada tahun 1899?

Rumah-rumah ini Rumah-rumah Apakah rumah-tumah Bukankah rumah-

ini ini rumah ini
dibangun tidak dibangun pada tahun 1899? dibangun pada tahun 1899?
pada tahun 1899 dibangun pada tahun 1899
CHAPTER II Maret 2022 Page 06
DISCUSSION

Subject + to be + past
participle
Grammar Subject To be Past participle description
Simple present The house is Cleaned every day.
(Rumah) (Dibersihkan) (Setiap hari)
Present continuous The house is being Cleaned at the moment.
(sedang) (saat ini)
Simple past The house Was cleaned yesterday.
(Telah) (Kemarin)
Past continuous The house was being cleaned last week.
(Sedang) (Akhir Minggu)
Present perfect The house has been cleaned since you left.
(Telah) (Saat kamu pergi)
Past perfect The house had been cleaned before they arrived.
(Telah) (Sebelum mereka sampai)
CHAPTER II Maret 2022 Page 07
DISCUSSION

Future The house will be cleaned next week.

(akan) (Minggu nanti)

Future continuous The house will being cleaned tomorrow.

(akan) (Besok)
Present conditional The house would be cleaned if they had visitors.
(akan) (Jika
mereka
ada
pengunjun
g)

Past conditional The house would have been cleaned if it had been dirty.
(Akan) (Kalau sudah kotor)
Inifinitive The house must be cleaned before we arrive.
(harus) (Sebelum kita sampai)
CLOSIN Maret 2022 Page 08
G

Passive voice is the opposite of active voice which is a sentence with the subject doing an activity or
activity.
Passive voice merupakan kebalikan dari active voice yang merupakan kalimat dengan subjeknya melakukan kegiatan atau aktivitas.

Suggestions The author knows that this paper is far from perfect, so the author expects suggestions or constructive
criticism from readers so that this paper can be close to perfect. Opinions from readers mean a lot to us for evaluation to
improve this paper.

Saran Penulis mengetahui bahwa makalah ini jauh dari kata sempurna sehingga penulis mengharapkan saran atau
kritik yang membangun dari pembaca sehingga makalah ini bisa mendekati kata sempurna. Opini dari para pembaca sangat
berarti bagi kami guna evaluasi untuk menyempurnakan makalah ini.
5W 1H QUESTIONS

Kelompok
13
 DEFINITION
is5W+1H
a form of question that asks for
information using Question Words
(question words). Often called Wh-
question because all question words
begin with W h-, except How.
Included in Question Words (QW) are:
What, Who, Why, Where, When and
How. Because these Questions Words
consist of 6 question words, therefore
these question words are commonly
called 5W +1H
 DEFINISI
5W+1H
merupakan bentuk pertanyaan yang
menanyakan informasi dengan
menggunakan Question Words (kata
tanya). Sering disebut dengan Wh-
question karena semua kata tanya
diawali dengan Wh-, kecuali How.
Yang termasuk Question Words (QW)
adalah: What, Who, Why, Where,
When dan How.
Karena Questions Words ini terdiri dari
6 buah kata tanya, oleh karena itu
Macam-macam,fungsi dan
contoh Wh-Questions

What 1. Question: What is

that
(Apa) Answer: That is an
apple.
2. Question: What
Menanyakan nama are you?
benda, nama orang
Answer: I am a
atau jenis profesi. soldier.
3. Question: What is
your name?

Answer: My name
is Ivanka.
Macam-macam,fungsi dan
contoh Wh-Questions

Who 1. Question: Who

are you?
(Siapa) Answer: I am
Menanyakan orang Joko
Pinurbo.
sebagai
2. Question: Who
pelaku/subject. writes theletter?

Answer: Martin does.

3. Who is very
beautiful?

Answer: Agnes Monica

is verybeautiful.
Macam-macam,fungsi dan
contoh Wh-Questions

Why 1. Question: Why do you

(Mengapa) come late?

Answer: Because I missed

the bus this morning
2. Question: Why is
Menanyakan alasan Mrs. Juliavery
atau penyebab healthy?

terjadinya sesuatu. Answer: Because she

doessport every
morning.
3. Question: Why do
you loveme?

Answer: Because you

arevery rich.
Macam-macam,fungsi dan
contoh Wh-Questions
1. Question: Where does
Where Alicia study?

(dimana) Answer: Shestudies in SMPN

03 Wonogiri.
2. Question: Where do
Menanyakan you goevery day?

tempat Answer: I go to
school
everyday.
3. Question:Whereisth
e library?

Answer: The library

is besidethe hall.
Macam-macam,fungsi dan
contoh Wh-Questions
1.Question:
When When does
Alfian get up?
( Kapan) Answer: He
gets up at
five
Menanyakan o‟clock
Waktu everymor
ning.
2.Question:
When did
you go to
Eromoko?

Answer: I go to
Eromok
Macam-macam,fungsi dan
contoh Wh-Questions

How 1. Question: How

are you?

(Bagaimana)
Answer: I am fine.
Thanks.
Menanyakan kondisi 2. Question: How
is Reyna‟s
atau keadaan.
school?
Answer: Her school
is largeand clean.
 Command and Request

Intan Khoerunnisa 19142011085

Muhamad Fikri Nurhidayat 19142011092
Tita Nurhalimah 19142011108
 Command
A command is a strict sentence and usually ends with an exclamation(!) or
exclamation point because of its ordered nature. For example" Listen!"
or " close the door!". The command is used to express the wishes of the
speaker to the other person command can bea ban, for example : " do not step
the grass". Command sentence are always in the form of simple present tense,
which means always using the first verb or verb 1.
Example

a.Positiv
2) Use the
e adjective
1) Use the
Formulation :
verb Be + Adj +
Formulation Obj/ Ket + !
: Ex :
V1 + be honest please
Obj/ Ket
+! !
Ex: be glad please !
open your be carefual to
mouth! using a needle!
For the command to be more subtle/polite,
wash
put theyour
word " please" behind or in front
hands!
of the sentence
Drink your medicine three times a
Ex:
day!
open cut
youryour hair!
mouth
please! Please open
your mouth!
b. Negative
For declare prohibition or “Don’t” we put “don’t” before verb or
adjective Ex :
Don‘t be too tired!
Don‘eat too much
junkfood! Don't stay up
late!
Don't be noise!
Don't go there please !
Don't close your book
please ! Don't give up !
 Request

Request is a sentence request or request,can als

of a command sentence but the language is smoother and does n
exclamation (!).Can be interpreted this sentence is more polite. R
begin with will,could, would and may.
Example
To express " okay" in answering a request
sentence
Request is a request used to ask someone to do we use:
something. yes, I will
Formulation : all right
Will + You + V1 + Obj/ Ket + Please + ! sure, I
will
Notes : okey, I
" Will" here means " will you" . And to express a more
will
polite use we use " will you" . of course, I
Ex : will certainly,
will you come to the pharmacy to buy my medicine,I will
please ?
will you borrow me money, please ? will you
help them ?
would you close the door, please ?
would you sing a song for him, please ? would you
take me to my house, please ?
 Comparsion degree has levels, namely positive degree, c
degree, and superlative degree
Positive degree Comperative degree Superlative degree
Positive degree is a simple Comparative degree is used to Superlative degree is used to
form, because there is no compare two things in one sentence. compare three or more things in one
comparison in it. Positive When using comparative degree it is sentence..Has the trait of 'most
degree only states that the necessary to add the suffix -era or ier. among the others,
comparison is equal, so For example, the word angry can be
we. can use the phrase changed to angry. The comparative
“as...as" to complete the degree as an adverb can also be added
sentence. Are on the same before the adjective, such as more
or comparable level). angrily, or more happily.

Fixed (does not change Change the shape by adding the Changes shape by adding the
shape). suffix er behind it or more in front of it suffix -est after it or the most in
front of it.
3
 How to form the degree
comparison
1. Adjective consisting of one syllables, only added with the
suffix -er
and est degree
Positive Comperative degree Superlative degree
Cheap Cheaper cheapest
Strong Stronger strongest
High Higher Highest

2. Adjectives consisting of one syllable and ending with a consonant that

begins
with a letter
Positive degree(focal), plus the suffixdegree
Comperative -er or est. One last consonant
Superlative degree is
doubled
Big bigger Biggest
Wet wetter Wattest
Hot hotter Hottest
3. Adjectives that end with the letter -y begin with one or two dead letters,
then -y is
replaced
Positive by -I and thenComperative
degree added -er or est
degree Superative degree
Happy happier Happiest
Lucky luckier Luckiest
Crazy crazier Craziest

4. Adjectives ending with the letter -y and previously starting with a vowel
as well,
then the letter -y does not change and is immediately added -er or -est
Positive degree Comparative degree Superative degree
Grey greyer greyest
Lay layer layerst
5. Adjectives consisting of two syllables and ending in -er or ow are directly
added
Positive
to -er degree
or est. Compertive degree Superative degree
Wise wiser wisest
policte politer politest
Brave braver bravest
simple simpler simplest

6. Adjectives consisting of two syllables ending in the letter -e, then only
added
with -rdegree
Positive or -st only Comperative degree Superative degree
Clever cleverer cleverest
shallow shallower shalowest
Examples and functions in the level of comparasion
degree
Positive degree

As + positive + as
Formulas: No less + positive + than
Not more + positive + than
Contoh:

 She is as beautiful as her sister

 She is no less beautiful than her sister

 She is not more beautiful than her sister

Positive degree

Formulas: Not + as + positive +as

Contoh:

She is not as beautiful as her sister

Comperative degree

Formulas: Comperative + than

Contoh:

My house is bigger than his house.

Superlative degree

The + superative + nouns + in

Formulas:
The + superative + of
The + superative noun
Contoh:

 He is the funnies student in this class.

 She is the most beautiful of al the girl.

 This is the most expencive car.

 Conclusio
n
The conclusion that can be drawn from
the discussion of this paper is that in
English we know the comparative degree
sentence pattern, which is a sentence with
a comparative pattern that is used to
express the meaning of comparison. In the
comparative degree, there are three kinds
of comparative degree which are very
easy to understand, namely positive
degree, comparative degree, and
superative degree
Conditional
S e n tence
(If Clause)
Group 16
Dinda Haring Sudrajat
Elsa Nuro kta piani
Silvia Da m ay a n ti
 Conditional S e nt e nc e
Conditional sentence is a compound sentence that has a condition of imagination,
supposition, and something that has never happened. This presupposition expressed
may or may not be realized.

Type 0 Type II 0

II

Type I Type III III

Type 0
General truth/ fact
Zero conditional sentences express general truths—situations in which one thing
always causes another. When you use a zero conditional, you’re talking about a
general truth rather than a specific instance of something. Zero conditional
sentences is ussualy often found in the present tense. 0
Formula :
If + simple present tense (If-clause), simple present tense (main-
clause)
Or
Simple present tense (main-clause), if + simple present tense (if-
clause)

Example :
- If we heat the water, it’s boils.
- If it’s rain, it’s wet.
- If I eat a lot, I gain weight.
T y pe I

Possible situation in the present or future.

First conditional sentences are used to express situations in which the outcome is
likely (but not guaranteed) to happen in the future. This can be happen because it’s
still realistic or reasonable for the possibility of that assumption to occur. Therefore,
first conditional sentences uses a sentences with simple future. 0

Formula : I
If + simple present tense (if-clause), simple future tense (main-
clause)
Or
Simple future tense (main-clause), if + simple present tense (if-
Examples : clause)
- If it’s rains, I will not come to your
house.
- If I study hard, I will pass the exam.
T y pe II
Less likely to happen / impossible situation in present or
future.

Second conditional sentences are useful for expressing outcomes that are unrealistic and unlikely to happ
Second conditional sentences is to use the simple past tense in the if-clause and an auxiliary 0 modal
should, would, might) in the main clause (the one that expresses the unrealistic or unlikely outcome).
Formula : I
If + past tense (if-clause), past future tense (main-clause)
Or II
Past future tense (main-clause), if + past tense (if-clause)

Example :
- -If I had If
a Ilot
won the competition,
of money, I would
I would buy a newbuy a new cellphone.
car. Fact : I don’t win the competition
Fact : I don’t have a lot of money
T y pe III

Something didn’t happen in the past or the future.

Third conditional sentences are used to explain that present circumstances would be
different if something different had happened in the past. The third conditional sentences
use the past perfect (i.e., had + past participle) in the if-clause. The modal auxiliary (would,
could, should, etc.) + have + past participle in the main-clause expresses the theoretical 0
situation that could have happened.
I
Formula :
If + past perfect
tense (if-clause), II
future perfect tense
(main-clause). III
Example
Or :
Future- perfectIftense
I had studied harder, I would have passes the
exam. ifFact
(main-clause), + : I didn’t study harder and I didn’t pass
the exam
past perfect tense
(if-clause).
 GROUP 17

Vocabulary Human Body Anatomy

 Definisi
• A. Anatomy • B. Vocabulary
• Anatomy (from Ancient Greek anatomḗ 'surgery' and • Vocabulary is the treasury/wealth of words owned by a
anatémnō 'to cut') is the branch of biology that studies the
language (Soedjito et al, 2011: 3).
body structure of living things. The term anatomy is used for
the study of the structure of the human and animal bodies,
while plant structure is studied in plant anatomy • (Kosa kata atau vocabulary adalah
• Anatomi (dari bahasa Yunani Kuno anatomḗ 'pembedahan' perbendaharaan/kekayaan kata yang dimiliki oleh
dan anatémnō 'memotong') adalah cabang dari biologi yang suatu bahasa (Soedjito dkk, 2011:3).
mempelajari susunan tubuh makhluk hidup. Istilah anatomi
digunakan untuk ilmu tentang struktur tubuh manusia dan
hewan, sementara struktur tumbuhan dipelajari dalam
anatomi tumbuhan.
Vocabulary Human body Anatomy
• I divided the vocabulary parts of the body into six parts, starting from the body (parts of the body), the hand
(parts of the hand), the head (parts of the body). head), the eye (part of the eye), the foot (part of the foot)
and the internal organs (part of the internal organs).
• Penjelasan kosa kata parts of body ini saya bagi menjadi enam bagian, mulai dari the body (bagian tubuh),
the hand (bagian tangan), the head (bagian kepala), the eye (bagian mata), the foot (bagian kaki) dan the
internal organs (bagian organ dalam).
• 1. The Body 1) Back = Punggung
• The following are some English vocabulary for body parts:
2) Chest = Dada
1) Face = Wajah
3) Waist = Pinggang
2) Mouth = Mulut
4) Abdomen = Perut
3) Chin = Dagu

4) Neck = Leher 5) Buttocks = Bokong

5) Shoulder = Pundak 6) Hip = Pinggul

6) Arm = Lengan 7) Leg = Kaki

7) Upper Arm = Lengan Atas
8) Thigh = Paha
8) Elbow = Siku
9) Knee = Lutut
9) Forearm = Lengan bawah
10) Calf = Betis
10) Armpit = Ketiak
• Example of sentences
1. Most of women like to beautify their face by using make-up

2. The child will be examined by the doctor's mouth

3. I feel itchy on my neck

4. Gendis leaned on Rio’s shoulder

• 2. The Hand • Example of sentences
• Here is the English vocabulary for hands: 1. Tiara has a tatoo on her right arm
1) Wrist = Pergelangan Tangan 2. A sweet couple were holding hands and walking
2) Knuckle = Buku Jari along the park

3) Fingernail = Kuku 3. Rani is very interested in nail art

4) Thumb = Ibu Jari 4. The children clapped their hands because they

5) (Index) Finger = Jari (Telunjuk) are very happy

6) Middle Finger = Jari Tengah

7) Ring Finger = Jari Manis

8) Little Finger = Jari Kelingking

9) Palm = Telapak Tangan

• 3. The Head 1) Nostril = Lubang Hidung
• The following is the English vocabulary for the
2) Jaw = Rahang
head:
3) Beard = Jenggot
1) Hair = Rambut
4) Mustache = Kumis
2) Part = Belahan Rambut
5) Tongue = Lidah
3) Forehead = Dahi
6) Tooth = Gigi
4) Sideburn = Godeg (Cambang)
7) Lip = Bibir
5) Ear = Telinga

6) Cheek = Pipi

7) Nose = Hidung
• Example of sentences
1) The soccer player was hit on his head accidentally
2) Peter’s nose was bleeding after standing under the sun
for 5 hours
3) As well or face, hair is also needed for women
4) My grandfather uses hearing-aid which helps his ears to
hear something.
5) Mini puts on pink colour on her lip so that people might
not know if she is sick
6) We are suggested to brush our teeth before going to bed
at night
• 4. The Eye • Example of sentences
• The following is the English vocabulary for the 1) His eyes were dazzling
eyes:
2) Having a beautiful eyebrom becomes a trend
nowadays
1) Eyebrow = Alis 3) My baby has a long eyelashes that makes her so
much pretty
2) Eyelid = Kelopak Mata

3) Eyelashes = Bulu Mata

4) Iris = Iris Mata (Selaput Pelangi)

5) Pupil = Pupil
• 5. The Foot Example of sentences
The following is the english vocabulary for the
foot : 1) Keira has beautiful legs.

1) Ankle = Pergelangan Kaki 2) Children were playing mude with bare foot.
2) Heel = Tumit

3) Instep = Punggung Kaki

4) Ball = Bola Kaki

5) Big Toe = Jari Kaki Besar

6) Toe = Jari Kaki

7) Little Toe = Jari Kakik Kecila

8) Toe Nail = Kuku Jari Kaki

• 6. The Foot 9. Liver = Hati

The following is the English vocabulary for the 10. Stomach = Perut
internal organs:
11. Intestines = Usus
1. Brain = Otak
12. Vein = Vena
2. Spinal Cord = Sumsum Tulang Belakang
13. Artery = Arteri
3. Throat = Tenggorokan
14. Kidney = Ginjal
4. Windpipe = Saluran Udara
15. Pancreas = Pankreas
5. Esophagus = Kerongkongan
16. Bladder = Kandung Kemih
6. Muscle = Otot

7. Lung = Paru-paru

8. Heart = Jantung
• Example of sentences
1) His lung is healthy because he does not smoke

2) There are several foods that can emerge heart disease.

3) Weni feels pain on her chest everytime she takes a deep

breath.

4) Ben’s stomach was full of foods that made him throw

up.

5) Most of men go to the gym to shape their muscle.

6) Inggrid dominantly uses her right brain to think

7) An old woman has a problem with her kidney.

 Vocabulary :
Medicine And Medical Equipment

Asep fery (19142011061)

Ferdi maulana (19142011073)
Hendrayani (19142011079)
.
 DEFINITION

 Medical Science is the science of maintaining health as well as

the prevention, treatment, and management of disease. Studying
Medical Science means we learn about the human body – how
the system works, its balance, and how to maintain that balance.
 A medical device is any device that is intended to be used for
medical purposes. So what differentiates medical devices from
everyday devices is the purpose for which they are used.
 NEXT

 Vocabulary is the treasury/wealth of words owned by a language

(Soedjito et al, 2011: 3). In learning a language, it will definitely
not be separated from learning vocabulary, because vocabulary
has a very vital role in determining the fluency of communication.
Communicating can be through various languages, including
English. The existence of vocabulary in English is one of the
requirements to be able to master English
 VOCABULARY

Vocabulary medicine

 A Bruise = Memar A Cut = Terpotong

 Dose = Dosis Infusion = Infus
 Allergy = Alergi Diasease = Penyakit
 Ache = Sakit Examination = pemeriksaan
 A Wound = Terluka Fainting = Pingsan
 Diabetes = Kencing Manis Fever = Demam
 Diagnosis = Diagnosa Eyeache = Sakit Mata
 Dizzy = Pusing Exercise = Latihan
 Internist = Dokter Penyakit Dalam
NEXT
 Vocabulary medical equipment
 · Bandage = Perban
 · Crutches = Tongkat penopang tubuh, biasanya setinggi ketiak
 · Wheelchair = Kursi roda
 · Microscope = Mikroskop
 · Ambulance = Ambulan
 · Ward = Bangsal
 · Bed = Tempat tidur
 · Pillow = Bantal
 · Bed pan = Tempat buang air kecil di tempat tidur
 · Bed table = Meja kecil di tempat tidur
 · Blood pressure monitor = Monitor tekanan darah
 · Blood pressure cuff = Pergelangan alat pengambil tekanan darah
 · Cast = pembalut pergelangan atau leher yang terbuat dari gips
 · Call button = Tombol untuk memanggil suster
 · Crutches = Tongkat ketiak / Alat penopang untuk membantu berjalan
NEXT
 · Drip = Infus
 · Directory = Penunjuk arah ruangan
 · First aid kit = Alat pertolongan pertama
 · Glove = Sarung tangan
 · Hand sanitizer = Pembersih tangan
 · Hospital gown = Gaun rumah sakit
 · Heart rate monitor = Monitor detak jantung
 · V bottle = Botol infus
 · Medical instruments = Alat medis
 · Medical chart = Bagan medis (berisi keterangan pasien)
 · Mask = Masker
 · Needle = Jarum (suntik)
 · Otoscope = Otoskop (untuk memeriksa telinga)
 · Ophthalmoscope = Alat untuk memeriksa retina dan bagian mata lainnya
 · Oxygenmask = Masker oksigen
 · Scalpel = Pisau bedah
 · Stethoscope = Stetoskop
 · Stitches = Jahitan
 CLOSING
 CONCLUSION
 I can be concluded that Medical Science is the science of maintaining health as well as the prevention,
treatment, and management of disease. Studying Medical Science means we learn about the human
body – how the system works, its balance, and how to maintain that balance. A medical device is any
device that is intended to be used for medical purposes. So what differentiates medical devices from
everyday devices is the purpose for which they are used. Medical devices benefit patients by helping
healthcare providers diagnose and treat patients and help patients cope with illness, improving their
quality of life.
 SUGGESTION
 Hopefully this paper can be useful for those who read, especially student.
 Hopefully it can be a learning reference for nursing students nursing in particular
“VOCABULARY DISEASES
AND SYMPTOM”
Kelompok 19:
Elsa Shelamita (19142011071)
Refty Yany (19142011098)
DEFINITION OF DISEASE
“
Disease is a certain abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or
function of part or all of the body of a living being, and is not the result of any
external injury.
Illness is also known as a medical condition associated with certain clinical
signs and symptoms. A disease can be caused by external factors such as pathogens
or by internal dysfunction. For example, internal dysfunction of the immune system
can result in a variety of different diseases, including various forms of immune
deficiency, hypersensitivity, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.

77
 •Infectious Diseases

Disease
Classification

•Infectious Diseases •Non-Convenient Diseases •Chronic disease

78
 1
Definition of symptom
• Definition of symptom
• Symptoms are expressions of the host to a
pathological disease condition so that a certain
disease can be distinguished from other diseases.
Symptoms always change as the disease progresses.
This series of symptoms is called a syndrome.
Diagnosis of plant diseases in the field largely
depends on the syndrome.

79
 Definition of allergy

Allergies are reactions of the human immune system to certain

objects, which should not cause reactions in other people's bodies.
The reaction can appear in the form of a runny nose, itchy skin
rash, or even shortness of breath.

80
 •Allergy Causes

Allergies are caused by the immune system's

Allergy Causes reaction to allergens that vary from person to
person.This can happen because the body overreacts
to the release of an allergic reaction-triggering
substance called histamine. Some examples of
allergens are dust, dead pet skin, peanuts, insect
bites such as cockroaches, caterpillar exposure,
drugs, plants (e.g. poisonous plants) and latex
materials.
In certain cases, a person can also have an allergy
to sperm, for example in the use of sperm for the
face.

81
 Allergy
Symptoms

Allergy symptoms in each person are different, can

be mild or severe. Symptoms can include sneezing,
runny nose, red and itchy eyes, itchy skin rash, and
shortness of breath which can also occur at night. In
some patients, allergic reactions can also increase
the risk of sinusitis.

82
 Allergy
Diagnosis

To diagnose allergies and their causes, the doctor will

ask about the symptoms that appeared and the activities
that were carried out before the symptoms appeared, as
well as perform a physical examination. Doctors can
also perform allergy tests on the skin and blood tests on
patients to prove an allergic reaction.

83
Allergy Prevention
Allergy prevention depends on the allergen. The most
effective way to prevent allergies is to avoid triggers. But not all
sources of allergies can be avoided easily, such as dust mites,
pets, or food. Some of the following ways you can do to help
prevent allergies:
 Wear covered clothing or apply insect repellent lotion when
traveling.
 Avoid wearing perfumes that can attract insects.
 Use a mask when leaving the house.
 Clean the house regularly, especially rooms that are often used,
such as bedrooms and living rooms, to avoid dust mites.
84
 Allergy Treatment
▹ The main treatment for allergy sufferers is to avoid the allergen or
allergen. This step can be done if the allergy trigger has been identified
with certainty by a doctor.
▹ However, if the allergen cannot be avoided, or if an allergic reaction
has already occurred, the sufferer can take certain drugs. Types of
medicines for allergies are:
85
NEXT…

Antihistamines Decongestants

2 4

Corticosteroids
Leukotriene
blockers

86