Motion Manipulation Words

G32 – Thread cutting

G15 & G16 – Polar coordinates
G50 & G51 – Scaling
G50.1 & G51.1 – Mirror image
G60 – Single direction positioning
G68 & G69 – Coordinate rotation
G68 & G69 – 3 dimensional coordinate conversion
Relates only to turning centers
G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only)
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G32 not commonly mentioned
Better ways available to cut threads
Use G76 to machine threads
Example: Synchronize feed with speed
N165 G00 X0 Z0.2
N170 G32 Z-0.75 F0.0625
N175 M04
N180 Z0.2
G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only)
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G32 not commonly mentioned
Better ways available to cut threads
Use G76 to machine threads
Not always taught in basic courses:
G32 is similar to G01
G32 can be used for tapping
G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only)
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G32 not commonly mentioned
Better ways available to cut threads
Use G76 to machine threads
Not always taught in basic courses:
G32 is similar to G01
G32 can be used for tapping
G32
G32– thread cutting
is similar (turning centers only)
to G01
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G32
G32 is not
like commonly
G01 except: mentioned
1) Feedrate
Better waysis synchronized
available to cutwith rpm
threads
2) Feedrate
Use G76 to override
machineswitch is disabled
threads
3) Successive passes will be in same
Nottool
always
path taught in basic courses:
G32 is similar to G01
G32 can be used for tapping
G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only)
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G32 not commonly mentioned
Better ways available to cut threads
Use G76 to machine threads
Not always taught in basic courses:
G32 is similar to G01
G32 can be used for tapping
G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only)
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G32 not commonly mentioned
Better ways available to cut threads
Use G76 to machine threads
Not always taught in basic courses:
G32 is similar to G01
G32 can be used for tapping
G32
G32– thread
can becutting
used (turning centers only)
for tapping
.
Commonly
Many
. taught in basic CNC
turning centers don’tcourses:
G32 notN150
havecommonly
T0505
a tapping mentioned
cycle
Better N155
ways G97 S500 M03
available to cut threads
Since G32 disables
N160toG00
feedrate override…
X0 Z0.2threads
Use G76 machine
…use N165
it for tapping
G32 Z-0.75 on F0.0625
these machines
Not alwaysN170 M04
taught in basic courses:
G32N175 G32toZ0.2
is similar G01
G32N180
can be G00
used X8.0
for Z7.0 M03
tapping
.
. 
G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only)
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G32 not commonly mentioned
Better ways available to cut threads
Use G76 to machine threads
Not always taught in basic courses:
G32 is similar to G01
G32 can be used for tapping
Relates only to machining centers
Polar coordinates
Used to specify positions with polar
G15 instates, G16 cancels
Fanuc’s version not very helpful
Center must be program zero
X specifies angle, Y specifies radius
Most programmers stick with the
rectangular coordinate system
Topics:
Basic use
How G52 helps
Polar coordinates
Used to specify positions with polar
G15 instates, G16 cancels
Fanuc’s version not very helpful
Center must be program zero
X specifies angle, Y specifies radius
Most programmers stick with the
rectangular coordinate system
Topics:
Basic use
How G52 helps
Polar coordinates
X45.0 Y2.5 45
X: angle
Y: radius +
0

Program zero
5.0 dia
Polar coordinates
X90.0 Y2.5 45
X: angle
Y: radius +
0

Program zero
5.0 dia
Polar coordinates
X135.0 Y2.5 45
X: angle
Y: radius +
0

Program zero
5.0 dia
Polar coordinates
X180.0 Y2.5 45
X: angle
Y: radius +
0

Program zero
5.0 dia
Polar coordinates
X225.0 Y2.5 45
X: angle
Y: radius +
0

Program zero
5.0 dia
Polar coordinates
X270.0 Y2.5 45
X: angle
Y: radius +
0

Program zero
5.0 dia
Polar coordinates
X315.0 Y2.5 45
X: angle
Y: radius +
0

Program zero
5.0 dia
Polar coordinates
X0 (or X360.0) Y2.5 45
X: angle
Y: radius +
0
Important limitation!
Center of polar system must be program zero

Program zero
5.0 dia
Polar coordinates

Polar coordinates
can’t be used!

Program zero
Polar coordinates
Used to specify positions with polar
G15 instates, G16 cancels
Fanuc’s version not very helpful
Center must be program zero
X specifies angle, Y specifies radius
Most programmers stick with the
rectangular coordinate system
Topics:
Basic use
How G52 helps
Polar coordinates
Used to specify positions with polar
G15 instates, G16 cancels
Fanuc’s version not very helpful
Center must be program zero
X specifies angle, Y specifies radius
Most programmers stick with the
rectangular coordinate system
Topics:
Basic use
How G52 helps
Polar coordinates
If your control has G52 (it’s an option),
you can temporarily shift program zero
G52 X4.0 Y1.5
G15
G81 X45.0 Y2.5 R0.1 Z-1.0 F4.0

4.0
Since not all controls allow G52…
…many programmers 1.5
ignore polar coordinates
Program zero
Polar coordinates
Used to specify positions with polar
G15 instates, G16 cancels
Fanuc’s version not very helpful
Center must be program zero
X specifies angle, Y specifies radius
Most programmers stick with the
rectangular coordinate system
Topics:
Basic use
How G52 helps
Relates only to machining centers
Scaling
Used to change size of programmed path
Can be helpful with 3d work
All coordinates are modified
By scale factor
Since CAM systems also allow easy
specification of scale factor, this
feature isn’t widely used
Topics:
Words involved
Scaling
Used to change size of programmed path
Can be helpful with 3d work
All coordinates are modified
By scale factor
Since CAM systems also allow easy
specification of scale factor, this
feature isn’t widely used
Topics:
Words involved
Scaling
Words involved:
G50: Cancel
G51: Instate scaling mode
I: Scale center in X
J: Scale center in Y
K: Scale center in Z
Example: P: Scale factor
G51 X0 Y0 Z0 P0.5
½ scale about program zero
Scaling
Used to change size of programmed path
Can be helpful with 3d work
All coordinates are modified
By scale factor
Since CAM systems also allow easy
specification of scale factor, this
feature isn’t widely used
Topics:
Words involved
Relates mostly to machining centers
Mirror image
Used for right and left hand workpieces
Same program can be used
Polarity of coordinates are reversed
Great for hole machining operations
Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional)

Topics:
Application On a turning center?
Words involved
Example
Mirror image
Used for right and left hand workpieces
Same program can be used
Polarity of coordinates are reversed
Great for hole machining operations
Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional)

Topics:
Application On a turning center?
Words involved
Example
Mirror image

X+ X-

Mirror image simply reverses the sign

for all coordinates in the mirrored axis

Left hand Right hand

Same program can be used for both!

Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling
Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling
Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling
Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling
Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling
Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling
Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling
Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image

It’s not so good for

milling operations

What is conventional milling without

mirror image becomes climb milling with!

Left hand Right hand

Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image
Used for right and left hand workpieces
Same program can be used
Polarity of coordinates are reversed
Great for hole machining operations
Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional)

Topics:
Application On a turning center?
Words involved
Example
Mirror image
Used for right and left hand workpieces
Same program can be used
Polarity of coordinates are reversed
Great for hole machining operations
Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional)

Topics:
Application On a turning center?
Words involved
Example
Mirror image
Words involved:
G50.1: Cancel
G51.1: Instate
X: X origin of mirror
Y: Y origin of mirror
Example:
G51.1 X4.0
Turn on X mirror image, center of
mirror is 4.0 from program zero
Mirror image
Used for right and left hand workpieces
Same program can be used
Polarity of coordinates are reversed
Great for hole machining operations
Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional)

Topics:
Application On a turning center?
Words involved
Example
Mirror image
Used for right and left hand workpieces
Same program can be used
Polarity of coordinates are m i sreversed
o g ra
Great for hole pmachining
l e p r t x t
operations
e
a m s o n
s vs conventional)
e x
Milling lreverses
l stylee l e
(climb
F u i n t h
Topics: show
n
Application On a turning center?
Words involved
Example
Mirror image
Used for right and left hand workpieces
Same program can be used
Polarity of coordinates are reversed
Great for hole machining operations
Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional)

Topics:
Application On a turning center?
Words involved
Example
Mirror image
On a turning center?
r s ,
X+ X4.0 ente
g c d !
r n i n
Tool is r se
at 4.0 diameter
t u e ve
Z- me i s r
so x i s
t h
W eXa
i
Z+
th
X- With most turning centers:
The larger the diameter, the
more positive the X value
Mirror image h
e a mc
On a turning center? o f r a
n s
e p ro g
c h i o
m a lt t s !
X- me X-4.0 fi c u i n e
o d i f c h o ! ) e
e s r y a
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o n ’ t
le o t s a d
sty and ffse on X s youZ+
(O urn in e
ly t a c h
im p m
X+ S oWith t h e these machines
f r The larger the diameter, the
more negative the X value
Mirror image e s
a l u
On a turning center? X v s
i e
v valu e
it
Additionally… p os e X
X+ have gativ g and
w i ll Tool n erequires i n plusltX values
Simply l s turnavon e X aaxis m m mirror
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t oo h g r d i ff k n o e
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at as u tXt plus!e t !
o p e e r e c Z+offs
o p t h n
n
a doe ust s a
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No tool n adj
X- i c h c aSome machines allow tools
wh they
Tool requires to cut on either side of
minus X values spindle center
Mirror image
Used for right and left hand workpieces
Same program can be used
Polarity of coordinates are reversed
Great for hole machining operations
Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional)

Topics:
Application On a turning center?
Words involved
Example
Relates only to machining centers
G60 – single direction positioning
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G60 is not often mentioned
Use to eliminate backlash from moves
Cancel with G64 (normal cutting)
Example: Single direction
. positioning
N050 G60 G86 X2.0 Y2.0 R0.1 Z-0.85 F2.0
N055 X5.0 Y5.0
N060 G64 G80
G60 – single direction positioning
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G60 is not often mentioned
Use to eliminate backlash from moves
Cancel with G64 (normal cutting)
Not always taught in basic courses:
Use for finish boring
G60 – single direction positioning
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G60 is not often mentioned
Use to eliminate backlash from moves
Cancel with G64 (normal cutting)
Not always taught in basic courses:
Use for finish boring
 G60
G60 – single
– single directionpositioning
direction positioning
Commonly taughtthat
G60 ensures in basic CNC courses:
backlash will not
affect
G60 is positioning
not often accuracy
mentioned
Use to eliminate backlash from moves
Cancel with G64 (normal cutting)
Not always taught in basic courses:
Use for finish boring Tool is always
approaching from X- Y-
 G60
G60 – single
– single direction
direction positioning
positioning
O0001
Commonly taughtthat
G60 ensures in .basic CNC courses:
backlash will not
N250 T06 M06
G60 is affect positioning
notInvoke
often accuracy
mentioned
N255 G54 G90 S800 M03 T07
N260 G60 G00 X2.0 Y2.0
Use to eliminate backlash
N265 G43 H06from
Z0.1 moves
Compatible with
Cancel with G64 (normal
N270 cutting)
G86 R0.1
canned cycles N275 X6.0
Z-0.75 F2.5

Not always taught in N280

basicX4.0
courses:
Y4.0
N285 X6.0 Y6.0
Use for finish boring
N290 X2.0
G64 (normal cutting) N295 G80 G64
cancels G60 N300 G91 G28 Z0 M19
N305 M01
.
G60 – single direction positioning
Commonly taught in basic CNC courses:
G60 is not often mentioned
Use to eliminate backlash from moves
Cancel with G64 (normal cutting)
Not always taught in basic courses:
Use for finish boring
Relates only to machining centers
Coordinate rotation
Allows coordinates to be rotated
Program in the easiest angular position
Rotate and repeat
With subprogramming

Topics:
Words involved
Example
Coordinate rotation
Allows coordinates to be rotated
Program in the easiest angular position
Rotate and repeat
With subprogramming

Topics:
Words involved
Example
Coordinate rotation
Words involved:
G68: Instate
G69: Cancel
X: X center of rotation
Y: Y center of rotation
Example:
R: Angle
G68 X0 Y0 R45.0
Rotate all up-coming coordinates by 45
degrees about program zero
Coordinate rotation
Allows coordinates to be rotated
Program in the easiest angular position
Rotate and repeat
With subprogramming

Topics:
Words involved
Example
Coordinate rotation
Allows coordinates to be rotated
Program in the easiest angular position
Rotate and repeat m i s
With subprogrammingpro g ra
l e te x t
a m p s so n
l l e x e l e
F u i n t h
Topics: show
n
Words involved
Example
Relates only to machining centers
Three dimensional coordinate conversion
Allows variable plane selection
G17, G18, & G19 allow plane selection
But planes must be at right angles
Any plane can be defined
Regardless of angle
Used with five axis machining centers
When working on angular surfaces
Allows high-level features with plane
Canned cycles, cutter comp, rotation, etc.
Topics:
Words involved
Three dimensional coordinate conversion
Allows variable plane selection
G17, G18, & G19 allow plane selection
But planes must be at right angles
Any plane can be defined
Regardless of angle
Used with five axis machining centers
When working on angular surfaces
Allows high-level features with plane
Canned cycles, cutter comp, rotation, etc.
Topics:
Words involved
Three dimensional coordinate conversion
n e d ,
Words involved:e is d e f i
n X Y ,
e p l a th e
, o n c
G68: Instate
e d i n u s e d
a in s u s b e
Ag a tG69:
u r e Cancel
e c a n la n e
l l f e p l a n e d p le t o
a X,
Y ZY, Z: Center
e f in of s s i b
rotation
o r - d
m es i t p o
XZ, I,cJ, u s t
K: o Vectors
a k about
o g r a m X, Y, c &
e Z
t t he hi s m l y p r u r f a
a T Angle
R: n u a l l a r s r s
Example: m a n g u e n t e
te d a i n g c
G68 X0om Y0plZ0 ica I1.0 aR45 c hi n
c x i s m
i v a
e plane 45 degrees about X
on f
Rotate
Three dimensional coordinate conversion
Allows variable plane selection
G17, G18, & G19 allow plane selection
But planes must be at right angles
Any plane can be defined
Regardless of angle
Used with five axis machining centers
When working on angular surfaces
Allows high-level features with plane
Canned cycles, cutter comp, rotation, etc.
Topics:
Words involved