IS 13920:2016

Clause 7.4 : Transverse Reinforcement

Clause 7.5 : Design Shear Force in Columns
CES 644: IS Codes on Design and Structural Safety Assessment
Date: 06th November 2020
Group B
Mohammad Moizuddin (2019210007)
Ragini Kanani (2019210009)
Shafiq Mujtaba Andrabi (2019210012)
Maria Rose Johnson (2019210015)
Mohammed Abdul Muqeeth (2019210021)

International Institute of Information Technology- Hyderabad,

Gachibowli, Hyderabad – 500032, India
 Outline
1. Transverse Reinforcement
2. Design for Shear in Columns
3. Comparison with International Standards
4. Example

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Mujtaba 2

 Transverse Reinforcement
• Transverse reinforcement has the following purposes:

– Provide shear resistance to the member.

 Amount and spacing of the shear reinforcement.
 Very high range of increase in shear capacity. (32-132%)
 Grade of steel: Directly increases the shear capacity.
– Significantly enhances Ductility of members

Reference: M.Said T.M.Elrakib, 2013; Enhancement of shear strength and ductility for reinforced concrete wide beams
due to web reinforcement
IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Mujtaba 3
 Transverse Reinforcement
• Transverse reinforcement has the
following purposes:

– Confine the concrete core and thereby

increases the ultimate strain of concrete
which improves ductility.

Figure 1: Stress–strain relationship for concrete

Reference: Bing Li , Cao Thanh Ngoc Tran,2008; Reinforced concrete beam analysis
supplementing concrete contribution in truss models
IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Mujtaba 4
 Transverse Reinforcement
• Transverse reinforcement has the following purposes:

– Provide lateral resistance against buckling to

the compression reinforcement.

Reference: researchgate.net Figure 2: Buckling failure of Column

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Mujtaba 5

 7.4.1 Transverse Reinforcement
• Transverse reinforcement shall consist of closed loop,
a) Spiral or circular links in circular columns, and
b) Rectangular links in rectangular columns.
In either case, the closed link shall have 135° hook ends with an
extension of 8 times its diameter (but not < 75mm) at each end,
which are embedded in the confined core of column.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Mujtaba 6

 C7.4.1 Transverse Reinforcement

8d (5mm) 8d (5mm)

135
300 mm
d

300 mm

Figure 3: Rectangular Columns Figure 4: Circular Columns

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Mujtaba 7

 C7.4.1 (Cont.)
• To ensure that the stirrups does not open out during strong
earthquake shaking.

Figure 5: Openings of Stirrups

Reference: researchgate.net
IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Mujtaba 8
 7.4.1 Comparison

Table 1: International code comparison of Transverse reinforcement

COUNTRY CODE NZS 3101: 2006 ACI 318 AIJ 1982 CEB 1982 SEAOC 1975
(NEWZEALAND) (JAPAN) (PARIS) (CALIFORNIA)

Minimum length of 8db 6db 10db 10db 6db

embedded
transverse
reinforcement

Degree of hook 135 135 135 135 135

provided, Ө

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Mujtaba 9

 7.4.2.a
• When rectangular links are used,
a) The minimum diameter permitted of transverse reinforcement
bars is 8mm, when diameter of longitudinal bar is less than or equal
to 32 mm, and 10 mm, when diameter of bar is more than 32 mm.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 10

 C7.4.2.a
• The minimum bar diameter for transverse reinforcement in
columns is specified to ensure a minimum ductility and to
prevent local buckling of longitudinal compression bars.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 11

 7.4.2.a Comparison
• ACI 318-2019 [Cl 25.7.2.2]
– Minimum diameter of tie bar shall be at least:
 No. 3 (9.525 mm φ) enclosing No. 10 (32.26 mm φ) or smaller
longitudinal bars
 No. 4 (12.7 mm φ) enclosing No. 11 (35.81 mm φ) or larger
longitudinal bars or bundled longitudinal bar

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 12

 7.4.2.a Comparison
• EN 1992-1-1:2004 (Clause 9.5.3)
– Minimum diameter of transverse reinforcement
 Greater than 6mm
 1/4th of maximum diameter of longitudinal bars.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 13

 7.4.2.b
• When rectangular links are used,

b) The maximum spacing of parallel legs of links shall be 300

mm center to center.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 14

 7.4.2.c
• When rectangular links are used,
c) A cross-tie shall be provided, if the length of any side of
the link exceeds 300mm; the cross-tie shall be placed
perpendicular to this link (hc or Bc) whose length exceeds
300 mm. Alternatively, a pair of overlapping links may be
provided within the column. In either case, the hook ends of
the links and cross-ties shall engage around peripheral
longitudinal bars shall have their 90° hooks on opposite sides of
column. Crossties of the same or smaller bar size as the hoops
shall be permitted.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 15

 7.4.2
hc ≥ 300 mm

Bc ≤
300
mm

hc’ hc’
hc’ ≤ 300 mm

Figure 6 A : Detail of Transverse Reinforcements in Columns

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 16

 7.4.2

hc ≥ 300 mm

Consecutive cross ties shall

Bc’ have their 90° hooks on
Bc ≤ opposite sides of column.
300
mm
Bc’

hc’ hc’ hc’

hc’ ≤ 300 mm

Figure 6 B : Detail of Transverse Reinforcements in Columns

IS 13920 : 2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 17

 7.4.2.c Comparison
• ACI 318-2019 [Cl 25.7.2.3]
– Provision for rectilinear ties
 Every corner and alternate longitudinal bar shall have lateral
support provided by the corner or a tie with an included angle of
not more than 135 degrees.
 No unsupported bar shall be farther than 6 inches on each side
along the tie from laterally supported bar.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 18

 7.4.2.c Comparison
• ACI 318-2019 [Cl 25.7.2.3] Bars not to exceed 6 in.
clear spacing without
support

May be greater than 6 inches,

No intermediate ties required

Figure 7 : Provisions of ties as per ACI 318

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 19

 7.4.2.d
• When rectangular links are used,
d) The maximum spacing of links shall be half the least lateral
dimension of the column, except where special confining
reinforcement is provided as per 8; and,

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 C7.4.2.d
• Cl. 26.5.3.2 (c)(i) IS 456: 2000
– allows the link spacing to be equal to the least lateral dimension of
the column.
• Cl. 7.4.2 d) IS 13920: 2016
– while this clause restricts it to half the least lateral dimension.
– Closer spacing of links is desirable to ensure better seismic
performance.

Reference: Svetlana Brzev, Sudhir K. Jain, Durgesh C Rai: Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete
Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces – Code of Practice (IS 13920 : 2016) Proposed Modifications and Commentary
IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Moiz 21
 7.4.2.d Comparison
• EN 1992-1-1:2004 (Clause 9.5.3)
– Spacing should be the least of :
 20 times the minimum diameter of longitudinal bars
 The lesser dimension of the column
 400mm

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Moiz 22

 7.4.2.d Comparison
• AS 3600 – 2018
– Spacing should be the least of :
 8 times the minimum diameter of longitudinal bars
 24 times the diameter of fitment bar
 ½ of smallest cross-sectional dimension
 300mm

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Moiz 23

 7.4.2.e
• When rectangular links are used,
– e) Construction joints shall not be provided in regions of column
with closely spaced transverse reinforcement.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 24

 7.4.2. Comparison
• ACI 318-2014 [Cl 18.7.5.4]
Table 2:Transverse reinforcement for columns of special moment frames
TRANSVERSE CONDITIONS EXPRESSIONS AS PER CODE
REINFORCEMENT

Ash /sbc for Pu ≤ 0.3 Agfc’ and Greater of (a) and 0.3 ( - 1) (a)
rectilinear hoop fc’ ≤ 10,000 psi (b) 0.09 (b)
0.2kfkn (c)
Pu > 0.3 Agfc’ or Greater of (a) , (b) 0.45 ( - 1) (d)
fc’ > 10,000 psi and (c) 0.12 (e)
0.35kf (f)
ρs for spiral or Pu ≤ 0.3 Agfc’ and Greater of (d) and
circular hoop fc’ ≤ 10,000 psi (e)

Pu > 0.3 Agfc’ or Greater of (d) , (e)

fc’ > 10,000 psi and (f)

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Moiz 25

 7.4.2. Comparison
• ACI 318-2014 [Cl 18.7.5.4]
– Where;
– Ash = total cross-section area of transverse reinforcement, including
crossties , within spacing s and perpendicular to dimension bc, in2
– Pu = factored axial force, to be taken as positive for compression
and negative for tension, lb
– 𝑓𝑐′ = specified compressive strength of concrete, psi
– 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = specified yield of transverse reinforcement, psi

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Maria Rose 26

 7.4.2 Comparison
• NZS 3101:2006 (Cl 10.4.7.5.5)
– Maximum vertical spacing of ties shall be smaller of :
 hmin/4
 10db
o Where,
o hmin =the least lateral dimension of the cross section
o db =the minimum diameter of the longitudinal bar

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Moiz 27

 7.5 Design Shear Force in Column
The design shear force for columns shall be the maximum of:

a) calculated factored shear force as per analysis, and

b) factored equilibrium shear force demand when plastic
hinges are formed at both ends of the beams given by:

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Ragini 28

7.5
1. For Sway to right:
Vu

2. For Sway to left: Vu

Where, MuAs , MuAh , MuBs and MuBh are design sagging and hogging moments of
resistance of beams framing into the column on opposite faces A and B,
respectively, with one hogging moment and the other sagging; and hst the storey
height. The design moments of resistance of beam sections shall be calculated as
per IS 456 2000.
IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Ragini 29
 C 7.5 Vu

1.4 1.4

Vu

Vu

1.4 1.4

Figure 8 : Equilibrium Design Shear Force Demands on Columns when

Vu
Plastic Hinges Are Formed at beam Ends
IS 13920 : 2016 IIIT-H Ragini 30
 C7.5
• SC-WB failure mechanism.
• Column shear is evaluated based on beam flexural yielding with the
expectation that yielding will occur in beams rather than in columns.
• The factor of 1.4 is based on the consideration that plastic moment
capacity of a section is usually calculated by assuming the stress in
flexural reinforcement as 1.25 fy (as against 0.87 fy in the moment
capacity calculation).
• Note that the shear capacity of a column just above the foundation
(where there are no framing beams) should be based on moment
capacity (flexural overstrength) of column.
Reference: Svetlana Brzev, Sudhir K. Jain, Durgesh C Rai: Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to
Seismic Forces – Code of Practice (IS 13920 : 2016) Proposed Modifications and Commentary
IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Ragini 31
 7.5.1
• The calculation of design shear force capacity of RC columns shall
be calculated as per IS 456 2000.

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Ragini 32

C7.5 Comparison
• NZS 3101:2006 [Cl. 10.4.7.2.7]

– Minimum shear reinforcement

 The area of shear reinforcement shall be equal to or greater than:

Av =

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Ragini 33

 C7.5 Comparison
• NZS 3101:2006 [Cl.10.4.7.2.3]
– Within the ductile detailing lengths of columns the design of shear
reinforcement shall be either by:
 The strut and tie method with 10.3.10.2.2(a) being replaced by 10.4.7.2.4
and 10.3.10.4.4 replaced by 10.4.7.2.7; or
 Satisfying the requirements of 10.4.7.2.5.
– Cl 10.4.7.2.4 Strut and tie method for shear design A2 Where the strut
and tie method is used within ductile detailing lengths, the following
conditions shall apply:
 The shear resistance of the concrete in the flexural tension zone shall
be taken as zero;
 The angle between the diagonal compression struts and the flexural
tension reinforcement shall be equal to or greater than 45°.
IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Ragini 34
 C7.5 Comparison
• AS 3600 – 2018

– Minimum shear reinforcement

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H Ragini 35

 E7.5
• Section Properties :
− Beam : 300 x 450 mm
− Column : 500 x 500mm
− Floor Height : 3.7m Total Floors : 5
− Bays : 3 x 9 Bay Span : 5m
− Slab Thickness : 200mm
− Materials
 Concrete : M30
 Steel : HYSD415
− R=5 I=1 Figure 9 : 3D Model of Structure
− Soil Type : Medium (Type II)
− Z = 0.36 (Zone-V)
IS 13920 : 2016 IIIT-H A.Muqeeth 36
 E.7.5 (Contd.)
Section Modifiers :

70% of Ig of Column (0.7)

35% of Ig of Beam (0.35)

Shear Force = 133.74 kN (From Analysis )

Load Combination : 1.5(DL+EQX-0.3EQY+0.3EQZ)

Figure 10 : Bending Moment Diagram

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 E.7.5 (Contd.)
Earthquake in X – Direction :

Hogging Moment capacity of Beam = 259.2 kN-m

Sagging Moment capacity of Beam = 170.68 kN-m

Load Combination : 1.5(DL+EQY-0.3EQX+0.3EQZ)

Sway To Right :

= 162.65 kN

Figure 11 : Column Selected

IS 13920 : 2016 IIIT-H A.Muqeeth 38
 E.7.5 (Contd.)
• Design of Shear :
− X-Direction :
 From Structural Analysis : 133.74 kN Vu Vu
 Plastic Hinge Formation : 162.64 kN
1.4 1.4 1.4
1.4
− Y-Direction :
 From Structural Analysis : 133.74 kN
 Plastic Hinge Formation : 162.64 kN

Select the Highest value from the above 2 Vu Vu

Figure 12 : Shear Force Demand on Column

due to Plastic Hinge Formation

IS 13920 : 2016 IIIT-H A.Muqeeth 39

 E.7.5 (Contd.)
• Details of Transverse Reinforcement : (Cl 7.4 – IS 13920 : 2016)
− X-Direction :
Vs = Vu – Ve
= 162.65 – 128.75
Vs = 33.9 kN
Providing 4 legged 10Φ transverse reinforcement

Spacing of Transverse Reinforcement :

 0.5 x Least lateral dimension = 500/2 = 250 mm
 Max spacing of parallel legs of link = 300 mm
Therefore , Providing 4 legged 10 transverse reinforcement at 250 mm c/c in
middle
IS 13920 : 2016 IIIT-H A.Muqeeth 40
E.7.5 (Contd.)
• Confining Reinforcement (Cl 8 – IS 13920 : 2016)
Spacing : Ash = 0.18 X -1)

Ash = 0.05
Select Max of 2
Ag = 500 x 500 = 2,50,000
Ak = (500 – (2 x 40) + (2 x 10)) x 2
= 1,93,600
Assuming 10 stirrups

Spacing : 1) 69.2 mm Figure 13 : Details of Transverse Reinforcement

2) 72.4 mm
Figure reference : IS 13920 : 2016
IS 13920 : 2016 IIIT-H A.Muqeeth 41
E.7.5 (Contd.)
• Link spacing for confining zone shall not exceed :

1) ¼ x Minimum Column Dimension = 500/4 = 125 mm

2) 6 x diameter of reinforcement bars = 6 x 25 =150 mm
3) 100 mm link

Therefore ,
Providing 10confining links at 75 mm c/c for a distance of L0

IS 13920 : 2016 IIIT-H A.Muqeeth 42

 E.7.5 (Contd.)
• L0 should not be less than:
− Large lateral dimension (500mm)
− 1/6 x Clear span (1/6 X 2960 = 493.33mm)
− 450 mm

• Provide Confining reinforcement for

distance of L0 = 500mm on either
side of joint Figure 14 : Column and joint Detailing
Figure reference : IS 13920 : 2016
IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H A.Muqeeth 43
 Questions ?
Queries and Suggestions Please

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H 44
 Thank You!

IS 13920:2016 IIIT-H 45