Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Network of tubular and vesicular structures which are
interconnected with one another
 Some parts are connected to the nuclear membrane,
while others are connected to the cell membrane
 Two types: smooth(lacks ribosomes) and
rough(studded with ribosomes)

Functions:
 Gives internal support to the cytoplasm
 RER synthesize secretory proteins and membrane
proteins
 SER synthesize lipids for cell membrane
 In liver cells SER detoxify drugs & poisons
 In muscle cells SER store calcium ions

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Golgi Body
 Network of tubular and vesicular structures which are
interconnected with one another
 Some parts are connected to the nuclear membrane,
while others are connected to the cell membrane
 Two types: smooth(lacks ribosomes) and
rough(studded with ribosomes)

Functions:
 Gives internal support to the cytoplasm
 RER synthesize secretory proteins and membrane
proteins
 SER synthesize lipids for cell membrane
 In liver cells SER detoxify drugs & poisons
 In muscle cells SER store calcium ions

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Golgi Body
 Network of tubular and vesicular structures which are
interconnected with one another
 Some parts are connected to the nuclear membrane,
while others are connected to the cell membrane
 Two types: smooth(lacks ribosomes) and
rough(studded with ribosomes)

Functions:
 Gives internal support to the cytoplasm
 RER synthesize secretory proteins and membrane
proteins
 SER synthesize lipids for cell membrane
 In liver cells SER detoxify drugs & poisons
 In muscle cells SER store calcium ions

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Mitochondria Small, rod shaped organelles bounded by two membranes -
inner and outer
• Outer membrane is smooth and encloses the contents of
mitochondria
• Inner membrane is folded in the form of shelf like inward
projections called cristae
• Inner cavity is filled with matrix which contains many
enzymes
• Contain their own DNA which are responsible for many
enzymatic actions

Functions:
 Synthesize energy rich compound ATP
 ATP molecules provide energy for the vital
activities of living cells

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Plastids

 Plastids are double membrane-bound

organelles found inside plants and some
algae.

 They are responsible for activities related

to making and storing food.

 They often contain different types of

pigments that can change the colour of
the cell.

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Chromoplasts

o Chromoplasts are plastids that produce

and store pigments

o They are responsible for different colours

found in leaves, fruits, flowers and
vegetables.

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Leucoplasts

o Leucoplasts are colourless plastids that

store foods.

o They are found in storage organs such as

fruits, tubers and seeds.

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Structure Of Cell - Organelles

Chloroplast  Small, rod shaped organelles bounded by two membranes -
inner and outer
 Double membrane-bound organelles found mainly in plant
cells
 Usually spherical or discoidal in shape
 Shows two distinct regions-grana and stroma
 Grana are stacks of thylakoids (membrane bound, flattened
discs)
 Thylakoids contain chlorophyll molecules which are
responsible for photosynthesis
 Stroma is a colourless dense fluid

Functions:
 Convert light energy into chemical energy in the
form of food
 Provide green colour to leaves, stems and
vegetables

Grade – VIII
 Cell – Structure and Function

Bacterial Cell

1. Capsule
2. Cell wall
3. Plasma membrane
4. Cytoplasm
5. Flagellum
6. Food granule
7. Plasmid (DNA)
8. Ribosomes
9. Nucleoid
10. Pili

Grade – VIII
Cell – Structure and Function

Grade – VIII