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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease
 32% of all deaths in 2008 contributed with CVD.
 no. 1 cause of Mortality in the Elderly.

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HYPERTENSION
 A Raise in blood pressure.
 65-74: 63.6% of men and 73.9% of
women were diagnosed to had
HTN in 2004. 75 or older: 69.5%
of Men and 83.8% of women had
HTN.
 Essential
Hypertension – no
known cause (95%)
 Secondary
Hypertension –
elevation of Blood
pressure from a
disease process.

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Risk Factors:
Non Modifiable: Modifiable:

Race  Sedentary
Lifestyle
Heredity  High Sodium
Intake
Age
 Heavy Alcohol
Gender consumption
 Obesity
Diabetes
 Pregnancy
and Renal  Some Oral
Disease Contraceptives
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CORONARY HEART DISEASE

•also known as Coronary Artery Disease

(CAD) or Ischemic Heart Disease.
•82% died with CHD are aged 65 years
or over.
•Caused by hardening and narrowing of
the blood vessels of the heart.
(Atherosclerosis)
)

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M.I.
Main Cause: CAD

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Pain-Crushing or substernal
May radiate to jaw,neck, L arm

Unrelieved by nitroglycerin or
rest
Priority Nursing Diagnosis:

Pain
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MI: ECG

ST elevation - injury
T wave inversion -
ischemia
Abn. Q wave -necrosis
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 Complications of AMI

C ardiogenic shock

Arrythmias- most common

Recurrent chest discomfort
 INTERVENTIONS

Morphine - Relieves MI pain

Aspirin
ACE INHIBITOR
Reperfusion treatment

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Thrombolytic

Dissolve thrombus/ clot in coronary arteries

T-PA (alteplase)
Streptokinase
INTERVENTIONS

Assess Pain
O2
Semi fowlers,
Bedrest
ANGINA
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S table Angina

R elieved -by rest & drugs

Occurs during exertion
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UNstable Angina
Not relieved by rest & drug
Occurs on exertion emotion

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VARIANT /Prinzmetal’s
Angina


Cause: Arterial Spasm
may occur at rest
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 ANGINA:

Nitroglycerin- DOC of angina

- vasodilator- dilates 1st vein then arteries

- Preload , after load, BP SE: flushing, headache

- Store in dark container

- Refill q 6 mos
-

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Heart Failure: Etiology

MI
Incompetent valves
Cardiomyopathy
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Medication

Diuretics- pulmonary congestion

VasoDilators preload

Digoxin- improve Cardiac contractility

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