NEED IDENTIFICATION

GROUP 1
NAMES REG. NUMBERS DEFINITION
NATUKUNDA BABRAH 20/U/HDE/12096/PE CHAIR

NIWAGABA OSBERT 20/U/HDE/12075/PE MEMBER

MUGENYI DANIEL 20/U/HDE/12080/PE MEMBER

MUGWERI IVAN 20/U/HDE/12098/PE MEMBER

HAAM BYARUGAHIRWE 20/U/12097/PE MEMBER

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 Need identification
• Introduction
• Definition
• Types of needs
• Why needs identification
• Steps in conducting a needs identification
• Techniques in identifying RCA
• Advantages and disadvantages of the various
techniques of RCA
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 Introduction
Needs are usually confused with words like wants and
desires which seem to mean the same
NEEDS: Needs are basic requirements of life. For
example food, water, air, shelter, clothing,
transportation e.t.c
How ever according to project management, needs
are the humans, materials and technical resources,
time allocated for the project and the budget
allocation to the project.

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 Introduction
WANTS: These are directed towards specific
objects that would satisfy the need for
example I need food but I want a rollex, I need
a house but I want a storied type
DESIRE: These are wants backed by specific
products backed by ability to pay. E.g you
need a transportation means, you want
specifically a car, and your desire is a premio.

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 Introduction
• Need identification will help to know which
employees need training, which kind of
training. It is counter-productive to offer
training to employees who do not need the
training or giving them wrong training.
Training need identification helps to put the
training resources to good use

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 Need identification and assessment

• Need assessment is a systematic process for

determining and addressing needs or gaps
between the current condition and desired
condition
• Need identification is a process of analyzing
and understanding the root causes, essential
elements of described problems of a target
population and solutions to these problems

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 Need identification and assessment

The discrepancy between the current condition

and the wanted/desired condition must be
measured appropriately. The need can be a
desire to improve current performance or
correct deficiency. A needs process is part of a
planning process which is often used for
improvement of individuals education training
or organizations or commodities.

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 Need identification and assessment

By clearly identifying the problem, finite

resources can be directed towards developing
and implementing visible and applicable
solutions
Needs assessment are effective when they are
ONLY focused and can provide concrete
evidence that they can be used to determine
which of the possible means to be the only
most effective and achieving the desired result
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 Types of needs

Many needs assessments are available for use in

different contexts.
• Organizational needs . An analysis of the business
needs or other reasons the training is desired. An
analysis of the organization’s strategies, goals, and
objectives.
• Person needs. Analysis dealing with potential
participants and instructors involved in the process.

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 Types of needs
• Work analysis/ Task analysis. This is
identification of the tasks being performed.
This is analysis of the job and the
requirements for performing the work.
• Performances analysis. Are employees
performing up to the established standard set
by the company? If performance is below
expectations, can training help to improve
this performance.
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 Types of needs
• Content analysis. Analysis of documents,
laws, procedures used on the job.
• Training suitability analysis. Analysis of
whether training is the desired solution.
• Cost-Benefit analysis. Analysis of the return
of investment (ROI).

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Importance of needs identification
• Helps organizations become proactive in
approaching potential issues before they become
actual problems
• Tie the performance deficiency to the business
needs
• Involves appropriate parties in solving the
deficiency
• Fix the deficiency or suggest other
recommendations
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Importance of needs identification
• Determine the best method to get the result
• Determine when the training will occur
• Rules, laws and regulation are adhered to
hence improving customer service

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 Needs identification process
• Gathering information; valid information is the
foundation of effective decision making
• Analyze information/observation; analysis
requires that the information interpreted is in
order to draw appropriate conclusions
• Create a training plan/action; after the
information is gathered and interpreted, the
basis has been established to create a training
plan to address the deficiency
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 RCA(route cause analysis)
It is a collective term that directs a wide range
of approaches and techniques used to
uncover causes of a problem or
It is a systematic process of identifying the real
cause of problems and their solutions

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 RCA
• Is a useful process for understanding and
solving a problem. Here you figure out what
negative events are occurring, then look at the
complex systems around those problems, and
identify the points of failure. Finally determine
solutions to address those key points or root
cause analysis

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 RCA
Here is an example; why did you fail to graduate?
Answer: I did not sit for some of the papers
Qstn: why did you not sit for all the papers?
Answer: because I had not cleared tuition in time
Qstn: why did you not clear the tuition on time?
Answer: my parents had no money by the time we
did exams……….. And so on
So this is what we call systematic analysis

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 RCA
• It helps to answer the WHY a problem has
occurred in the first place and helps in
identifying the primary cause of the problem
• The method enables to determine what
happened, why it happened and what to do to
reduce the likelihood that it will happen again

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 5-Steps to perform RCA
• Define the problem; here you define the
problem if it is actually important or a real
problem
• Data collection; this is very necessary for the
inspection
• Identify possible causes
• Identify the root cause
• Evaluate solutions and solve the problem

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 Important of RCA
• It may solve the symptoms; e.g what would
be the cause for a student to strike?............
• It is cost efficiency; here remember efficiency
is percentage expressed as output/input so in
terms of cost it will be cost effective
• Organizational efficiency; in terms of labor
expressed as a percentage of output/ input

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 Techniques of RCA
The most common tools used in RCA are
• The WHY’s method
• The fishbone diagram
• Failure mode and effects analysis
• SIPOC(supplies, inputs, process, out puts and
customer diagram)
• Flow chart, system flow and data flow
• Critical to quality metrics
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 Techniques of RCA
• Pareto chart
• Statistical correlation

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 The 5 WHY’s - i
• Here you systematically drill down a problem, with the
aim of finding the root causes of the problem and
finding the relationship between the causes by
repeatedly asking the question “WHY?”
For example; tom on a bike race did not make it to the
finish line…… WHY? Because he got a puncture on the
tire, WHY did he get a puncture? Because he took a
short cut, WHY did you take a short cut? Because of
pressure from the couch to win, WHY pressure from the
couch? Because his salary depends on races won…….

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 The 5 WHY’s - ii
• This is the system how we ask the WHY
questions five times till we get the solution
Why exactly 5 times WHY?
1. Good rule of thumb; 5 is a good rule thumb
but not the definite solution. The moment
you reach a stage where the solution is
completely out of control then you have to
go a step backwards and find the solution

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 The 5 WHY’s- ii
Example; Barbra did not finish the bike race,
WHY? Because she fell on a bike race, WHY?
Because he slip, WHY did she slip? Because it
was raining, WHY was it raining? Because the
clouds were full of water, WHY were the
clouds full of water?............
2. 5-WHY is used for a check point for
reflection. If you stretch too much from the
5th WHY you may end up with no solution
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 The 5 WHY’s - ii
3. Most RCA are determined at the 5th WHY
Have your self any example to self check this
statement. E.g on going increase in
commodity prices………………….

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 Benefits of using 5 WHY’s
• They can be used in almost any situation
• It is one of the simplest tools
• The method can be used within or without a
six sigma project

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 Demerits of 5 why’s
• Different people using 5 whys come up with
different causes for the same problem
• The method requires highly skilled and
experienced people which may be costly to
hire
• By ending at the 5 why, you may not dive deep
enough to uncover the root cause of the
problem entirely

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 Fishbone diagram
It is also known as cause and effect diagram
It is a visualization tool for categorizing the
potential causes of a problem. This tool is
used in identifying a problem’s root causes.
• The fishbone diagram consists of the head and
the Skelton. The head represents the problem
you would like to investigate or problem under
investigation .

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 Fishbone diagram
• The backbone of the Skelton connects the
spines which represent the range of likely
causes and related causes are bounded
together into categories
• You can use any categories you like for
example in manufacturing industry you can
use what we call 5M’s and that is man,
machine, material, method and measurement

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 Fishbone diagram
• While in the category of services industry you
can decide to use what we call the 4S’s which
include surroundings, supplies, systems and
skills

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 Steps of using a fishbone diagram
• State the problem
• Define your categories for example is it a
services industry then use 5M’s and if it’s a
services industry use 4S’s
• Brainstorm each category
• Analyze your results

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 How to create a fishbone diagram
• Lets us look at an example of how to develop
a fishbone diagram. Let us consider one
tourist going out for camping with his trailer at
the back of his car and suddenly it falls off
causing accident on the road. The categories
to use an be man, material, machines,
methods and may be the environment

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 Advantages of fishbone diagram
• Easy to understand
• Allows one to see all root causes
simultaneously and not rush into conclusions
• Good visualization for presenting issues to
stake holders
• To solve the problem first time
• Helps to find the most likely cause of the
problem
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 Advantages of fishbone diagram
• Can be applied to a range of problem or it is
applicable in most situations
• The whole team gains a better understanding
of the issues

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Disadvantages of fishbone diagram
• Does not help you to give priority to any of the
causes
• The output from brainstorming is only as good
as your brainstorming session
• Can become unhealthy to use
• You may waste time discussing causes that
have very little impact on the problem

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 Advantages of RCA
• Longer lasting solution
• Creates a safer work place
• It will always solve the symptoms before they
actually become problems
• It will improve on the organization’s efficiency.
Through conducting trainings and appraisals
of workers

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 Disadvantages of RCA
• Costly. This involves hiring of private firms to
conduct the RCA
• Time consuming. The whole process of RCA
needs a lot of time to carefully drill into the
problem to get the solutions
• Layoff of some employees/unemployment
• Political hijack
• Poor risk controls and feedback loops

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 References
1. S. Anil kumar, N.Suresh, production and
operations management, new age
international publishers, 2nd edition
2. Dieogo papers, invesis global leading services
3. Siddhant Shekhar, xlei, class of 2019
4. Diptashu graham
MBA.LLM.SET(management)
5. DR. KM hyland (2006:73)
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