The Skin
Waterproof layer that covers the outside
of the body
© PDST Home Economics
Structure of the skin
Structure of the skin
Made of 2 layers
The Epidermis - outside
layer
The Dermis – inner layer
Thin layer, protects dermis
Thickest on soles and palms EPIDERMIS
thinnest on eyelids.
Top made of flat dead cells which
wear off.
Replaced from a layer of live cell
underneath.
Bottom layer is the malpighian
layer, contains a pigment called
melanin, give skin colour and
protects skin from UV rays
Made of connective tissue which Dermis
contains the following:
Nerves, let us feel temperature,
pain, pressure.
Blood vessels bring food and oxygen
to skin cells.
Hair, begins at root grows up the
follicle and seen on surface of body.
Glands:
Sweat , take sweat from blood
vessels send it to surface of skin.
Oil, make sebum which keeps hair and
skin soft and waterproof
Adipose tissue
Deepest layer of the dermis is a
layer of fat cells that insulate the
body.
This layer is called adipose tissue.
Some food that is not used by the
body is changed to fat and stored in
these cells
Functions
Protects the body
Excretory organ…gets rid of waste…sweat.
Temperature control …. sweat, hair, blood vessels.
Sense organ … touch …. Heat cold pain.
Makes vitamin D using sunlight.
For Healthy Skin
Eat food containing protein, vitamins and minerals.
Avoid junk food and fat
Avoid too much sunlight
Exercise and fresh air
Drink water.
Enough sleep
Avoid smoking and too much alcohol
Skin Cancer
Caused by exposure to
sunlight.
Can be cured if treated in
time.
High factor suncream
Sunbathing –not too long
Wear hat.
Stay out of midday sun
Skin Hygiene
Sweat = salt + water + urea
The water evaporates using heat from the body but the
salt and urea remain on the skin.
If not washed off these mixed with sebum and skin cells,
dirt and bacteria block pores stop them working.
This leads to blackheads, pimples, body odour, infection
and a dirty appearance.
Acne
Acne vulgaris…
Skin disorder….
Teenagers mainly
Change in hormones at puberty
lead to increased oil
production
Block follicles and bacteria
infect them
Can’t be prevented but can be
controlled
Controlling Acne
Avoid touching spots….spreads
them
Avoid squeezing spots …scars
Wash at least twice a day with
antiseptic soap
Avoid high fat foods …e.g. chips,
sausages
Use medication according to
instructions
Skin Care
Cleanse Remove dead Soap, warm
cells, bacteria, water, friction or
oil, sweat, make- Cleansing lotion.
up, dirt
Tone To close pores. Cool water
Or
Toning lotion
Moisturise To soften skin Moisturiser
and prevent suited to skin
dryness type
Hair care
Wash at least once a week
with shampoo that suits your
hair type, use conditioner if
hair is dry.
Have your own hairbrush, do
not let others use it clean it
regularly.
Heat damages hair, avoid hot
water, styling devices that
use heat.
Dandruff
Harmless.
Top layer of scalp shed as fine
dust.
Shampoo often with anti-
dandruff shampoo.
Rinse out shampoo really well.
Very bad.. see dcotor
Hands and Feet
Hands Feet
Wash often. Wash daily.
Use rubber gloves for Dry well.
washing dishes, using Wear well fitting shoes
chemicals, dirty work
Change socks every day
Dry well.
Cut nails straight across
Hand cream protects.
Nails
Clean, short, well shaped.
File from side to centre.
Avoid biting
Personal Hygiene
Wash hands often especially before eating and after
going to the toilet.
Have a shower once a day either morning (best) or night.
Use warm water soap and friction, rinse well.
Take particular care to clean feet, groin and armpits as
they sweat and smell more.
Remove underarm hair to prevent odour.
Use anti-perspirant after washing.
Change underwear and socks every day.
Change and wash outer clothes often.
Wash hair at least once a week.
Brush teeth at least twice a day…morning and night.
