BACTERIAL DISEASE TYPHOID

PRESENTED BY- AYUSH RAJ

CLASS- 8-F
 CONTENTS

 Introduction
 About The Disease
 Causative Agents
 How To Cure
 INTRODUCTION

• Typhoid fever is a life-threatening

infection of the intestinal tract and
bloodstream, caused by the highly
virulent bacteria Salmonella Typhi. It
only lives in humans and is usually
spread between humans through food
or water which is contaminated with
faeces.
When was typhoid first discovered ?

• It was Karl Joseph Eberth, doctor and student

of Rudolf Virchow, who in 1879 discovered
the bacillus in the abdominal lymph nodes
and the spleen. He had published his
observations in 1880 and 1881. His
discovery was then verified and confirmed
by German and English bacteriologists,
including Robert Koch.
 ABOUT THE DISEASE
• Typhoid is a contagious disease that spreads
through contaminated water and food. It is an
infectious disease regarding bacteria that spreads
through the body and affects several organs of the
body. It is an illness related to fever. The type of
bacteria that causes typhoid is originally known as
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria. It
comes in the form of high fever, reaching upto 104°
F and is sustained fever, which means it does not
increase or decrease the temperature easily and
stays constant for a long while
 CAUSATIVE AGENTS
• Typhoid fever is caused by a type of bacteria
called Salmonella typhi.

• Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) are bacteria which

infect the intestinal tract and the blood. The
disease is referred to as typhoid fever. S. Paratyphi
A, B and C bacteria cause a similar illness which
is included under the typhoid heading.
 HOW THE INFECTION SPREADS

• Typhoid is a bacterial disease that spreads

through contaminated food and water. It is
quite an infectious disease and spreads
through the faecal-oral route. It can also
spread by directly coming in contact with an
infected person.
HOW IS TYPHOID FEVER DIAGNOSED
?
• After the ingestion of contaminated food or
water, the Salmonella bacteria invade the small
intestine and enter the bloodstream temporarily.
The bacteria are carried by white blood cells in
the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, where they
multiply and reenter the bloodstream. People
develop symptoms, including fever, at this
point. Bacteria invade the gallbladder, biliary
system, and the lymphatic tissue of the bowel.
Here, they multiply in high numbers. The
bacteria pass into the intestinal tract and can be
identified in stool samples. If a test result isn't
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as
high as 104.9 F (40.5 C)
•Headache.
•Weakness and fatigue.
•Muscle aches.
•Sweating.
•Dry cough.
•Loss of appetite and weight loss.
•Stomach pain.
 PREVENTION
• Receiving a typhoid fever vaccination. Currently, two vaccines are available to
help prevent the spread of typhoid fever. Talk with your doctor about getting
vaccinated.
• Avoiding food that is raw or undercooked
• Drinking only bottled water or water that has been boiled.
• Thoroughly washing your hands each time before eating.
• Avoiding raw fruits and vegetables that cannot be peeled.
• Avoiding eating foods and beverages purchased from street vendors
• Antibiotics are used to treat typhoid fever. These medications kill the bacteria
that cause the infection. Several different types of antibiotics are used to treat
typhoid fever
 How many deaths has typhoid fever caused?

An estimated 11–21 million cases of typhoid fever and 200,000

deaths occur worldwide each year.