Social and cultural Change in

Society
Social Change
• refers to a significant alteration overtime in behavior patterns and
culture of a society

• it may include changes in nature, social institutions, social behaviors

or social relations
Social Change
• a change in the socio-cultural group which has lasting and
perceivable effects either on the culture or the social
structures of the system.
Types of Social Change

1. Civilization Change
• dress, foods habits, technologies
2. Cultural Change
• religion, rituals, literature
3. Change in Social Relationship
• father and son, teacher and student, husband and
wife
Rhythm in Social Change

1. Small Changes
2. Change due to a crisis
situation
3. Seasonal Change
Rhythm in Social Change

1. Small Changes
• occur little by little, indirectly
either in structure or in culture
• e.g. a change in demography and
population.
Rhythm in Social Change

2. Crisis Situation
• If small cumulative changes bring
about problems which are not
solved right away
• e.g. dissatisfaction against school
admin led to student activism.
Rhythm in Social Change

3. Seasonal Change
• Occurs less frequently that
comes by waves
• e.g. seasonal business during
holy week and/or summer
Stages in Social Change

1. Spontaneous social change

2. Planned social change
Stages in Social Change

1. Spontaneous social change

• population growth
• long life expectancy for the females
• labor unions
Stages in Social Change

2. Planned social change

a. unfreezing process
• in which the leader or change
agent has to stimulate others
toward change.
• “getting ready for change”
Stages in Social Change

2. Planned social change

b. moving process
• implementing the change
• “transition”
Stages in Social Change

2. Planned social change

c. refreezing process
• would seek for the stability of
the change.
• the changes are accepted and
become the new norm.
Factors in Social Change

1. Stimulating or Promoting
factors
2. Restraining factors
Factors in Social Change

1. Stimulating or Promoting
• in favor of social change
• assure and facilitate the social
change
• e.g. modernization of society
Factors in Social Change

2. Restraining
• against a social change
• make it more difficult to
establish the process of social
change
• e.g. culture, habits
Promoting and Restraining
Factor
Pressure Group
• A group of persons that would
indicate their role in social
change.
• parent-teacher assoc.
• politicians / leaders
Promoting and Restraining
Factor
Social Inertia
• The culture for social change is
present in ideas but is not yet
carried out in social structures.
• e.g. implementation of
Anti-bullying act in school
Promoting and Restraining
Factor
Cultural Lag
various parts of culture change at
different rates. Material culture
changes more rapidly than non-
material culture
The non-material aspects of culture
take time to adjust to the changes
taking place in material aspects. As a
result, non-material culture falls
behind material culture, which is
known as 'cultural lag'.
Theories of social & cultural
change
Change
“If you want your life to be more
rewarding, you have to change the
way you think..”
- Oprah Winfrey
Physiotherapy code of ethics and
Professional Conduct
Patient Physiotherapist Relationship

The purpose of the Physiotherapy Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct

is to provide a set of guidelines for the professional behavior expected of
physiotherapists with the patients.
This code is based on longstanding ethical values and professional
principles.
 Respect and Dignity
1. Physiotherapists respect patients/clients and their attendants or
families.
The relationship between physiotherapist and their patient/client is one of
trust, and as such
• physiotherapists must:
1.1 respect the dignity, privacy, bodily integrity, and mental wellbeing of
patients/clients.
1.2 behave in a respectful manner towards their patients/clients as well as
their Family.
1.3 Practice with due care and respect for an individual patient’s/client’s
culture, needs, values, worldviews and beliefs, including the needs, values
and beliefs.
Respect for Autonomy

2. Physiotherapists act to promote the health and wellbeing

of the patient/client, while acknowledging, respecting and
facilitating patient/client autonomy.
2.1 Respect the autonomy and freedom of choice of the
patient/client.
2.2 clearly inform patients/clients of the purpose and nature
of physiotherapy intervention to enable all patients/clients to
make an informed choice.
Confedentiality

3. Physiotherapists respect confidentiality, privacy and

security of patient/client information.
3.1 not access patient/client information unless the
physiotherapist is involved in that patient’s/client’s care or has
specific permission to do so from the patient/client or the
patient’s/client’s legal guardian.
3.2 ensure that all patient/client records and images are
stored securely.
Justice

4. Physiotherapists treat people fairly.

• Physiotherapists must:
4.1 not discriminate or deny access to physiotherapy services
on the basis of a person’s race, gender, age, religion, ethnicity,
disability, sexual orientation, political affiliation, economic,
social or health status or any other legally prohibited grounds
of discrimination.
 Non Maleficence
5. Physiotherapists practice in a safe, competent and
accountable manner.
5.1 base physiotherapy interventions on the best available
evidence.
5.2 provide physiotherapy services that are clinically justifiable.
5.3 Make sound professional judgements within their scope of
practice and level of expertise and be accountable for their
professional activities.
5.4 Practice according to documented competencies and
standards.
Trustworthiness and Integrity

6. Physiotherapists act with integrity in all professional

activities.
6.1 act with honesty and integrity in all professional
activities (including when interacting with: funders,
employers, employees, insurers).
6.2 not accept gifts or other considerations from
industry or others that may influence or give the appearance
of influencing the physiotherapist’s professional judgement.
Excellence in Practice

7. Physiotherapists strive for excellence in the practice of

physiotherapy.
7.1 commit to ongoing learning and the maintenance and
development of clinical and professional skills.
7.2 subject the development of innovative therapies to a
research protocol to ensure patient/client safety and a sound
evidence base for treatments.
Communicate with other health care

8. Engage in effective communication and cooperate with

colleagues, other health professionals and agencies to
achieve optimal outcomes for the patient/client.
8.1 collaborate with other service providers for the benefit of
the patient/client, keeping referring colleagues informed of
the outcomes of assessment and treatment.