FOUNDATION OF

CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT

PYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL

 Psychological Foundation of
Curriculum Development
Learning Objectives

At the end of this session you are expected to;

- Understand and reflect on the psychological foundation of
curriculum development in terms of the following learning
theories:
Behaviorism or Association Theory
Cognitive- information Processing Theory
Constructivism Humanistic Theory
Psychology -is the scientific study of mental
functions and behavior including
 
1.Perception
2.Cognition
3.Behavior
4.Emotion
5.Personality
6. Interpersonal relationship
 
Questions of interest Psychologists and
Curriculum specialists

√Why don't learners respond as they do to

teachers?
√How do cultural experience affect students
learning?
 Ivan Pavlov
( 1849 to 1936)
Association or
Behaviorism Theory
•Russian psychologist
•Father of the classical
conditioning theory
•S-R Theory is a
foundation of learning
practice called
indoctrination
 Edward Thorndike
(1874-1949)

•Championed the connectionism

theory
•Propose the three laws of
learning
-Law of effect
-Law of exercise
-Law of readiness
 Robert Gagne
(1916-2002)

•Proposed the Hierarchical

learning theory
•Learning follows as
hierarchy
-behavior is based on
prerequisite condition
8.Problem solving
7.Rule Learning
6.Concept Learning
5.Discrimination Learning
4.Verbal Association
3.Chaining
2.Stimulus-response Learning
1.Signal Learning
 Cognitive Information Jean Piaget
Processing Theory (1876-1980)

•Introduce the Cognitive

Development Theory
1.sensorimotor (0-2)
2.Preoperational stage (2-7)
3.concrete operation stage (7-11)
4.Formal operation (11 - onwards)
•Keys to Learning
-Assimilation
-Accomodation
-Adaptation
-Equilibration
 Lev Vygotsky
(1896-1934)
•Social cultural development theory
•Scaffolding
•MKO (More Knowledgeable
Other)
•ZPD (Zone of Proximal
Development)
-The social interaction plays a
fundamental role in the process of
cognitive development.
 Howard Gardner

•Multiple Intelligence
-Human have several different
ways of processing information
and this ways are relatively
independent of one another.
•Multiple intelligence
-Visual or spatial Intelligence
-Verbal/ Linguistic
-Mathematical/Logical
-Bodily Kinesthetic
-Musical
-Intrapersonal
-Interpersonal
-Naturalistic
-Existential
 
 Daniel Goleman
•Emotion contains the
power to affect action
•Five characteristic of
emotional intelligence
-Self awareness
-Self regulation
-Motivation
–Empathy
-Social Skills
Humanistic Psychology Gestalt
•Gestalt Theory (Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang
Köhler and Kurt Koffka)
•Learning is explained in terms as " wholeness" of
the problem
•Human being do not respond to isolated stimuli
but to an organization or pattern of stimuli
•Learning is complex and abstract
 Carl Rogers
(1902-1987)

•Non-directive and
Therapeutic Learning
•Established counseling
procedures and methods for
facilitating learning
•Children's perception, which are highly
individualistic influence thier learning and
behavior in class
•Key to learning is Curriculum concerned with
process, not product ; personal needs ,not subject
matter, psychological meaning ,not cognitive
scores
 Abraham Maslow
(1908- 1970)
•Self Actualization Theory and
Classical Theory of human need
-Put importance in human
emotion,based on love and trust
•Key to Learning
-Produce a healthy and happy
learner who can accomplish grow
and actualize his or her human self
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THANK YOU!
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