IDENTIFYING

REPRESENTATIVE
TEXTS FROM THE
REGIONS

WEEK 2
21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM
THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
PRELIMINARIES
• PRAYER
• VERSE OF THE WEEK
• ATTENDANCE
• GREETINGS
DISCUSSION
ILOCOS REGION (REGION I)
*A Taste of Philippine Poetry.

CALABARZON (REGION IV-A)

*A Taste of Tagalog Essay.

VISAYAS
*A Taste of Creative Non-Fiction.
 It is bordered to the West by the
West Philippine Sea.
ILOCOS
REGION
(REGION I) Inhabitants always experience
heavy rains and violent typhoons
during rainy seasons.

The region is known for its long

stretches of white sand and clear
waters.
When in 1964 the Carlos Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature included Poetry for the first
time, the highest honor went to Carlos A. Angeles
for a stun of jewels. In that year too, for the same
book, Angeles received the Republic Cultural
Heritage Award for Literature...Years afterwards
in America, Angeles would ruefully shake his
head over those honors. An immigrant there since
1978, his Muse had kept silent for twenty years,
from 1958 when he served as public relations
manager of PanAm Airways to 1978...But then, in
1984, he wrote again, "tried to go on an even
keel." Memory was his Muse. "You know, I love
this one image in Stones for Ibarra—a cork that
had been taken out of the bottle. Like memories,
the cork just won't slide back into the bottle's
mouth easily."
 They are recognized to be brave and
fearless in battles and participated
actively in the country’s fight for
CALABARZON freedom and democracy.
(REGION IV-A) It is home for many heroes, Jose Rizal of
Laguna, Apolinario Mabini of Batangas,
and Emilio Aguinaldo of Cavite.

The region is known for its long

stretches of white sand and clear waters.
Teodoro Andal Agoncillo 
(November 9, 1912 – January 14,
1985) was a prominent 20th-
century Filipino historian. He and
his contemporary 
Renato Constantino were among
the first Filipino historians
renowned for promoting a distinctly
nationalist point of view of Filipino
history (nationalist historiography).
He was also an essayist and a poet.
Teodoro Agoncillo's classic work on Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan revolt of 1896 is framed by the tumultuous events of the 1940s
such as the Japanese occupation, nominal independence in 1943, Liberation, independence from the United States, and the onset of the
Cold War. Was independence in 1946 really a culmination of the revolution of 1896? Was the revolution spearheaded by the Communist-
led Huk movement legitimate? Agoncillo's book was written in 1947 in order to hook the present onto the past. The 1890s themes of
exploitation and betrayal by the propertied class, the rise of a plebeian leader, and the revolt of the masses against Spain, are implicitly
being played out in the late 1940s. The politics of hooking the present onto past events and heroic figures led to the prize-winning
manuscript's suppression from 1948 to 1955. Finally seeing print in 1956, it provided a novel and timely reading of Bonifacio at a time
when Rizal's legacy was being debated in the Senate and as the Church hierarchy, priests, intellectuals, students, and even general public
were getting caught up in heated controversies over national heroes. The circumstances of how Agoncillo's work came to the attention of
the author in the 1960s are also discussed.
 It is divided into Western, Central and
Eastern; comprised of several islands
surrounded by the Visayan Sea.

VISAYAS It is rooted in a strong religious

foundation.

It is a dwelling place of festivals such as

Ati-Atihan, Di-nagyang, Sinulog,
Pintados, and Maskara.
Norberto Romualdez Sr. (June 6, 1875 – November 4, 1941) was a Filipino
lawyer, politician, and writer. He was the first of many Romualdez' to achieve
influential status in the country and has been called the father of the National
Filipino Language. One of the daughters of his youngest brother Vicente
Romualdez is Imelda Marcos, who later became the first lady of the Philippines.
Romualdez grew up on Leyte and initially gained fame as a writer in the local
language Waray-Waray. His first work in that language was An Pagtabang ni
San Miguel ("The Aid of Saint Michael"). In 1908, Romualdez wrote Bisayan
Grammar and Notes on Bisayan Rhetoric and Poetic and Filipino Dialectology,
a grammar book of the Waray-Waray language. The following year in 1909, he
founded the Sanghiran san Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (the Academy of the
Visayan Language of Samar and Leyte) with the aim of promoting Waray-
Waray. Romualdez was appointed by Warren Harding on November 1, 1921, as
a judge of the Philippine Supreme Court. He would hold this position until April
1, 1932. In 1934, he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention,
which established the Philippine Constitution. In 1936, he was elected to the
National Assembly of the Philippines in special elections to the vacant seat of
the 4th electoral district of Leyte. He was re-elected in the 1938 elections with a
term until 1941. Romualdez died a few days before the 1941 elections, where he
was one of the candidates, at the age of 66.
ASSESSMENT
• Describe the following: Region 1, CALABARZON, Visayas
• Explain the following: Poetry, Essay, Non-Fiction
• Give one author & work: Region 1, CALABARZON, Visayas
REFLECTION:
• How can you contribute to Philippine Literature?
ACTIVITY
• ACVITITY 1 ON LAS:
ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS AFTER READING
THE POEM, “GABU”.