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Cell Reselection and Neighbor Strategy

Multi-Layer Optimization, external version [WCDMA16]

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

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Module Objectives

At the end of the module you will be able to:

• Overview idle mode mobility procedures and their impact on network

performance
• Summarize neighbor definition strategies and related parametrization for inter-layer
mobility

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Content

Cell Re-selection and Neighbor Strategy

- Cell re-selection and neighbor definition strategy
- Cell re-selection performance monitoring
- Configuration examples and neighbor checks
- Parameter configuration
- Priority based cell re-celection
- WCDMA WCDMA
- WCDMA LTE
- WCDMA GSM

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Features
IFCR – inter frequency cell reselection
ISCR_G - Inter-system CR towards GSM
ISCR_L - Inter System CR towards LTE

Cell reselection and Neighbor planning strategy depends on ID Name (IFCR and ISCR_G)
network configuration but some general rules apply.
RAN1.007* Cell reselection IFCR and ISCR_G
Besides “legacy” cell reselection methods there are also HCS – Hierarchal Cell Structure
priority based cell reselection methods like APR and RAN1138 Cell Selection parameter set
HCS
RAN2881 WCDMA/GSM Layer Priorities (RU50)
• Cell reselection towards LTE is always based on absolute RAN2135 Layering in RRC Connection Release
priorities (APR)
• Within 3G and towards GSM other methods available
also.
ID Name (ISCR_L)
Cell reselection functionality and parameters in 3G radio
network planning Guide RAN2067 LTE Interworking
RAN3069 RSRQ based Cell reselection (RU50)

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Cell Reselection and neighbor strategy
WCDMA
In WCDMA
• Cell reselection require that neighbor definitions
are done so that UE knows that it should
measure certain frequency & SC combinations
• UE is measuring Inter-frequency and Inter-
system neighbors when in RRC Idle or
Cell_PCH/URA_PCH State.
• Cell_PCH state cell reselection -> cell update
attempt always - > extra signalling
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In General
 Avoid Extra movements between layers – don’t
force UE to certain carrier unnecessarily.
 Avoid ping-pong by using high enough
hysteresis
 Use different parameters sets for Idle and
connected mode reselections (PCH).
 Higher hysteresis for UE’s using PCH
 Consider using RSCP based cell reselection
© Nokia 2017
Cell Reselection and neighbor strategy
WCDMA

Some cases special solution is needed – and there is need to move traffic towards certain layer or site using
special settings.
• Measurement Power Offsets
• AdjiQoffset (HOPI parameter)
• Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS) – not very commonly in use
• Priorities between layers
• Inter-frequency measurement can be triggered without using Sintersearch
• Absolute Priorities (Require RU50 and 3GPP Rel-8 compliant UE)
• RAN2881 WCDMA/GSM absolute priorities implements 3GPP mechanism for inter-freq or inter-RAT
cell reselection using layers priorities, alternative to HCS.
• The feature requires 3GPP Rel-8 compliant UEs & implements Rel-8 reselection criterions.
• Inter-frequency measurement can be triggered without using Sintersearch
• Same priority should be applied for whole frequency layer

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Cell Reselection and neighbor strategy
WCDMA - LTE

Towards LTE
In General
In 3G, UE is able to perform Inter-system measurements in
idle and in Cell_PCH/URA_PCH state  LTE capable UEs having LTE subscription
• Cell reselection towards LTE require that LTE should use LTE
frequency is added to 3G neighbor list using ADJL
object.  Cell reselection back to 3G based on coverage.
- This type of neighbor is used for cell selections and
layering (Smart LTE layering, measurement based  Use enough hysteresis to avoid ping-pong
LTE layering)
- Once HO features like Smart LTE Handover is
used, proper neighbor planning is required. (ADJE
Object)

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Cell Reselection and neighbor strategy
WCDMA-LTE

Some cases having UE using WCDMA instead of LTE

LTE Macro
may provide better performance
Example: When only WCDMA has on indoor coverage
• Prefer WCDMA for the UE’s within indoor coverage x
area, especially if LTE macro is far away. WCDMA Macro
• The Indoor UE connected to far away LTE can suffer
especially on UL, but the worse effect is eating too many
resources from macro LTE which reduce whole cell
capacity.
• UE connected to in Indoor WCDMA will enjoy better UE go to LTE only via WCDMA WCDMA Indoor
Macro. NO WCDMA Indoor – LTE
spectral efficiency than on LTE on the Lower MCS.
macro neighbors.

However, if there is both WCDMA

and LTE indoor, then neighbors are
defined between those.

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Cell Reselection and neighbor strategy
Towards GSM

Towards GSM In General

In 3G, UE is able to perform Inter-system
measurements in idle and in  Keep UE’s in WCDMA or in LTE when
Cell_PCH/URA_PCH state possible
Cell reselection towards GSM require that neighbor  The WCDMA -> GSM re-selection parameters
planning is done. have to be planned in respect to the GSM -->
WCDMA parameter settings to avoid ping-pong

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Content

Cell Re-selection and Neighbor Strategy

- Cell re-selection and neighbor definition strategy
- Cell re-selection performance monitoring
- Configuration examples and neighbor checks
- Parameter configuration
- Priority based cell re-celection
- WCDMA WCDMA
- WCDMA LTE
- WCDMA GSM

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy Object Parameter Current New
Performance monitoring
WCEL Qhyst2 2 dB 4 dB*
WCEL Qhyst2PCH 2 dB 4 dB
WCEL Qhyst2FACH 2 dB 4 dB
Connected mode cell reselection cause always Cell
update attempts. * LAC Boundary WCELs
This will cause extra signalling and eat capacity.
• By using high enough hysteresis, number of cell
update attempts due the cell reselection can be
reduced.
• Example show impact of using higher hysteresis –
one RNC
• Can be monitored using M1006C34

Hysteresis is cell level parameter

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Performance monitoring
WCEL-Hourly data needed for the analysis.
Filter out WCEL/Hours with low amount of samples
(at least 50-100 samples)
Proper Inter-system cell reselection parameter >50% threshold Ping Pong
setting reduce the Ping - Pong between > 20% threshold capacity loss
technologies.
InterRatCellReselRate [%]can be calculated:
INTR _ RAT _ CELL _ RE _ SEL _ ATTS(𝑀 1001𝐶 42)

( 𝑅𝑅𝐶¿ (𝑀 1001 𝐶 0)
)
+ 𝑅𝑅𝐶¿ (𝑀 1001 𝐶 678)
High Inter-RAT cell reselection rate indicate ping
pong and eat capacity

Common channel load need to monitored also –

more details of CCH load monitoring is available
in RN3702-16A

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Content

Cell Re-selection and Neighbor Strategy

- Cell re-selection and neighbor definition strategy
- Cell re-selection performance monitoring
- Configuration examples and neighbor checks
- Parameter configuration
- Priority based cell re-celection
- WCDMA WCDMA
- WCDMA LTE
- WCDMA GSM

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Parameter Objects

FMCx/HOPx settings are RNC specific, and need to be analysed per FMCS – Own set for DC HSDPA, HOPL
RNC. Possible to define different set per service. HSDPA, HSPA, RTwithHSPA,
RTwithHSDPA, NRT and RT HOPG
Most of the cell reselection parameters are in WCEL or HOPI
objects. FMCI/FMCG – Own Sets for RT, HOPI
HOPI/HOPG – Own set for NRT and RT NRT, HSDPA and RTwithHSDPA
HOPS
RtHopxidentifier is used to specify what HOP parameter sets are send in SIB11
(idle mode UE’s)
NrtHopxidentifier is used to specify what HOP parameter sets are send in
ADJS
SIB12 (connected mode UE’s)
ADJD

WCEL
RtHopxidentifier is used to specify what HOP parameter sets are send in SIB19
(APR - Absolute priority based cell reselections)
FMCS
ADJI
FMCI
In LTE – ADJL neighbor (includes correct LTE frequency) is used ADJG
in case of cell reselections and layering features. FMCG
ADJE is needed when proper neighbor plan is required (Smart LTE
ADJL
Handover) FMCL ADJE

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
ADJXSIB Parameter

Parameter AdjxSIB indicates

• whether the neighbor cell is included in the SIB11&12&18 for the cell selection and re-selection
procedures.
• whether the inter-frequency neighbor cell is monitored for the handover in Cell_DCH state of the
connected mode.
• RU40 introduce Femto HO control feature, which can be used prevent HO’s.

The range of parameters AdjsSIB, AdjiSIB and AdjgSIB:

• 0 (For CELL DCH meas only), 1 (For SIB and CELL DCH meas), 2 (For SIBbis and CELL DCH meas), 3 (For SIB only), 4
(For SIBbis only). Default 1.
• Usage of 3 and 4 require that FemtoHandover control is enabled.
• The inter-frequency neighbor cell is not monitored for the inter-frequency handover if the value of the parameter AdjiSIB is
set to "For SIB only" or "For SIBbis only“ and FemtoHandoverControl (RNFC) is enabled

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Design example

Intra Inter BTS/sector

BTS/sector

IntraBTS/Sector LTE LTE

Inter BTS/Sector
ADJS:
ADJS:
As per normal WCDMA-F4 As per normal
ADJI:
ADJI:
Re-selection: F4  F14, F3  F3-2100
WCDMA-F3 Re-selection: F4  F14, F3 
F14, F2 F13, F1 F23
F14, F2 F13, F1 F23
Layering/HO - > depending on
ADJG:
used feature, MBLB require WCDMA-F2 F2-2100 First tier
neighbors, DRRC works without.
ADJG:
U900<->GSM, U2100-> GSM WCDMA-F1 F1 – 900Mhz
ADJL: in case of cell reselection
or layering features 3G-> LTE
GSM GSM
ADJE: in case of Handovers
ADJI
ADJG
ADJL

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Configuration Check - Number of WCDMA Cells Per Frequency
Scope:
Number of Cell per Frequency
Network overview show number of WCDMA cells per frequency.
3500

Example show data per sector id, but it is possible to present 3000 585 582
571
data, for example, per RNC id instead of sector id depending 2500
3088
1368
on user need/preference. 2000 1363

# WCEL
1331 10613
1500
10589
1000
Observation: 1375 1368 10564
500 1335
0 1 830 821
In WCDMA, it is not mandatory to configure Sector id (can be 0, 0 1 2
789
3
not used) But some features like DRRC/CCH layering (M3) 7 8 9
work only between cells configured under common sector id Sector ID

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Configuration Check - WCDMA Neighbor Configuration
Scope: WCDMA Neighbors

Picture give overview of WCDMA neighbor relations, X-Axis

show source cell frequency while in the pictures there is number
of Adji per AdjiUARFCN. (towards with frequency ADJI is 40000

created) 35000
1397
2190
1729
30000 4022
10613 10589

# ADJI
25000
This analysis can be network wide or per RNC.
20000
29332 10564 3088
15000 29328
Observation: 10000
5000 14864
1730
For example (shown with red arrows) 0
4023
2193 1729
Source cell 3088, there are 29332 neighbors towards 10564 3088
10564
1397

frequency. 2190 neighbors towards 10589 frequency and 1397 10589

10613
neighbors towards 10613 frequency. UARFCN

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Configuration Check - GSM Neighbor Configuration
Scope:

Picture give overview of neighbors towards GSM relations, X- GSM neighbors

Axis show source cell frequency while in the pictures there is
number of Adjg’s
70000
60000
This analysis can be network wide or per RNC. 50000
. 40000

# ADJG
30000 39909 64045
20000
Observation: 10000
0

3088
GSM neighbors are created from 3088 and 10564 layers. Other 10564
WCDMA layers don’t have GSM neighbors UARFCN

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Configuration Check – Example of GSM Neighbor analysis
Number of Cell per Frequency

• Each WCDMA layer should have GSM neighbors 2000 31

72
170
10837
defined, in this example: 1500 747

# WCEL
10638

• 10613 and 10588 layers have 747 cells 1000 10563

747
500 3084
• 10613 has 7988 GSM neighbors (~ 10.7 neighbors
10588
per cell – quite ok) 0
10613

• 10588 has 1827 GSM neighbors (~2.4 neighbors per

cell)
• There is very big difference - > Check configuration GSM neighbors
WCDMA-F4
and performance 8000
7000
WCDMA-F3 6000
5000
4000 7988

# ADJG
3000
WCDMA-F2 2000
1000 1827 1764
0
167
WCDMA-F1 10613
10588
6
10
3084 10563
10638
10837

UARFCN
GSM

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Configuration Check - LTE Neighbor Configuration

Scope: LTE Neighbors

Picture give overview of LTE neighbor relations, X-Axis show
5000
source cell frequency while in the pictures there is number of 4500
Adji per AdjLEARFNC (towards with LTE frequency) 4000
1665
3500 1665
3000 6300 1700
2500
This analysis can be network wide or per RNC.

# ADJL
2000 1593
1500 2894
1000 2893
Observation: 500 794 826
0
936
3088
From each WCDMA frequency, there is neighbors (ADJL) 10564
10589
10613
towards two LTE frequency layer – 6300 and 1700
UARFCN

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection parameters – EcNo based, Example

Example of inter-frequency and inter-system (GSM) cell CR – intra frequency cell reselection
IFCR – inter frequency cell reselection
reselection parameter settings (LTE parameters later) ISCR_G - Inter-system CR towards GSM
• EcNo based Example ISCR_L - Inter System CR towards LTE

WCDMA/WCDMA
LTE LTE
Object Parameter default
WCEL CellSelQualMeas EcNo
WCEL SinterSearch 8 dB
WCEL Qhyst2 2 dB WCDMA-F4 F4
WCEL Qhyst2PCH 2 dB
RTHopi Qoffset2 0 dB WCDMA-F3 F3
NRTHopi Qoffset2 0 dB
RT/NRTHopi AdjiQqualMin -18 dB
WCDMA-F2 F2 -2100

WCDMA-F1 3G – 900
WCDMA- > GSM GSM-> WCDMA
Object Parameter (def) ISCR_G Object Parameter (def) ISCR_G
WCEL Ssearch_RAT 4 dB (-16 dB) BTS FDDQoffset -32
WCEL Qhyst2 2 dB BTS FDDQminOffset 0 dB
GSM_1800 GSM_1800
RTHopi AdjgQoffset1  0 BTS FDDQmin -12 dB
NRTHopi AdjgQrxLevmin -101 dBm RTHopi FDDRSCPMin -102 dBm

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection parameters – RSCP based, Example
Example of inter-frequency and inter-system (GSM) cell CR – intra frequency cell reselection
reselection parameter settings (LTE parameters later) IFCR – inter frequency cell reselection
ISCR_G - Inter-system CR towards GSM
• RSCP Based Example ISCR_L - Inter System CR towards LTE

LTE LTE
WCDMA/WCDMA
Object Parameter default
WCEL CellSelQualMeas RSCP
WCEL SsearchHSC -1 dB WCDMA-F4 F4
WCEL SinterSearch 8 dB
WCEL Qhyst1 0 dB
WCDMA-F3 F3
WCEL Qhyst1PCH 0 dB
RTHopi Qoffset1 0 dB
NRTHopi Qoffset1 0 dB F2 -2100
RT/NRTHopi AdjiQrxLevmin -115 dB WCDMA-F2

WCDMA-F1 3G – 900
WCDMA- > GSM GSM-> WCDMA
Object Parameter (def) ISCR_G Object Parameter (def) ISCR_G
WCEL SHCSRAT 10 dB (-100 dBm) BTS FDDQoffset -32
WCEL Qhyst1 2 dB WCEL FDDQminOffset 0 dB
GSM_1800 GSM_1800
RTHopi AdjgQoffset1  0 WCEL FDDQmin -12 dB
NRTHopi AdjgQrxLevmin -101 dBm RTHopi FDDRSCPMin -102 dBm

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection parameters – Priority based, Example CR – intra frequency cell reselection
IFCR – inter frequency cell reselection
ISCR_G - Inter-system CR towards GSM
ISCR_L - Inter System CR towards LTE

• Absolute priority based (APR) cell reselection is used Priority Priority

RAN2881 RAN2881
towards LTE. disabled enabled

• Without RAN2881 WCDMA/GSM absolute priorities

LTE 5 5
(RU50) it is possible to defined absolute priorities to
serving WCDMA cell and neighboring LTE cell.
WCDMA-F4 (micro) 4 4
• With RAN2881 it is possible to define absolute
priorities to WCDMA and GSM neighbors also. There WCDMA-F3 4 3
can be different priorities within 3G (e.g. higher
priority micro layer). Require Rel8 compliant UE. WCDMA-F2 4 3
• APR use layer priorities (frequency layer for
WCDMA/LTE and frequency groups for GSM). WCDMA-F1 4 3

Not defined 2
GSM_1800

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection parameters – Priority based, Example
• Measurements for inter-system cell reselection towards LTE should CR – intra frequency cell reselection
be triggered continuously for LTE capable devices because LTE is IFCR – inter frequency cell reselection
ISCR_G - Inter-system CR towards GSM
signalled with a higher absolute priority.
ISCR_L - Inter System CR towards LTE
• WCDMA-LTE cell reselection parameter example below. Priority Priority
RAN2881 RAN2881
disabled enabled

WCDMA- > LTE 5 5

LTE
Object Parameter ISCR_L
WCEL LTECellReselection Enabled
WCEL AbsPrioCellReselec AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec
HOPL AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec >AbsPrioCellReselec WCDMA-F4 (micro) 4 4
HOPL AdjLThreshigh 18 dB
HOPL AdjLQrxlevminEutra -130 dBm 4 3
WCDMA-F3
LTE - > WCDMA
Object Parameter ISCR_L WCDMA-F2 4 3
LNCEL sNonIntrsearch 8 dB (-111dB)
LNCEL threshSrvLow 4 dB
UFFIM utraFrqThrL 0 dB WCDMA-F1 4 3
UFFIM qRxLevMinUtra -115 dB
UFFIM qQualMinUtra -18 dB
Not defined 1
GSM_1800

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Content

Cell Re-selection and Neighbor Strategy

- Cell re-selection and neighbor definition strategy
- Cell re-selection performance monitoring
- Configuration examples and neighbor checks
- Parameter configuration
- Priority based cell re-celection
- WCDMA WCDMA
- WCDMA LTE
- WCDMA GSM

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell reselection
Usage of Special features
Instead of Legacy cell reselection, some cases the priority based Cell reselections are used.
• Hierarchal Cell Structure (HCS) is old feature but is not used very commonly – for IFCR and ISCR_G
• RAN2881 WCDMA/GSM absolute priorities is RU50 feature and require 3GPP Rel-8 compliant UE
• AbsPrioCellReselec (WCEL)  parameter defines the absolute priority level for the cell, which is used in the absolute
priority based cell-reselection
• Prior to RU50 The absolute priority based cell re-selection procedure for idle and connected mode UE’s is used in
case of a cell reselection to LTE. LTE cell reselection is always based on Absolute priorities
• RU50 onwards The absolute priority based cell re-selection procedure for idle and connected mode UE’s is used
in case of a cell reselection to LTE, WCDMA and GSM
• HCS cannot be used when priority based reselection is enabled and vice versa. 
• Usage of these features change cell reselection rules which then need to be separately checked.

RAN2135 layering in RRC Connection Release can be used to push UE to preferred IDLE mode layer during RRC
connection release.

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection parameter Analysis - Process

1. Check if there is any special cell reselection features active.

• Priority based Cell Reselections like HCS or APR active for WCDMA/GSM
• APR is suppose to be active towards LTE, and in this document threated as legacy cell reselection feature
(LTECellREselection)
• The support of 3GPP absolute layer priorities is mandatory for reselection towards LTE (LTE capable UE) while optional
with WCDMA. UEs with absolute layer priority capability for LTE/WCDMA must also support absolute priority in GSM
(unless GSM is not supported by UE)
• Layering in RRC Connection Release

2. If active, take those in the account when analyzing data - > excel template have basic parameters and
feature checks included but additional checks may be needed. (APR parameter check included, HCS not)
• Note that UE support is required when for example APR is used (SIB19), so even when active there might be UE’s still
following legacy cell reselection

3. Complete Cell reselection parameter check.

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
RAN2881 WCDMA/GSM absolute priorities - Parameters
RAN2881 WCDMA and GSM layering priorities
RNC RAN2067 LTE Interworking
SIB19Priority RAN3069 RSRQ based LTE cell reselection
New parameters introduced with RAN2881
Modified old parameters – including APR
towards LTE WBTS WCEL
HOPI WCDMACellReselection
• HOPL/ADJL parameters related to AdjiAbsPrioCellReselec GSMCellReselection
AdjiThreshigh
RAN2067 and RAN3069 AdjiThreslow
LTECellReselection (RAN2067)
AbsPrioCellReselec
AdjiQqualminFDD Sprioritysearch1
AdjiQrxlevminFDD
Cells on layers with non-defined priorities (or Sprioritysearch2
Threshservlow
threshold) are not considered if APR Threshservlow2
mechanism is in use Qqualmin
HOPG QrxLevMin
AdjgAbsPrioCellReselec Treselection
RtHopxidentifier is used to specify what HOP AdjgThreshigh TreselectionPCH

parameter sets are send in SIB19. AdjgThreslow ADJI

AdjgQrxLevMin AdJiUARFCN
RtHopiIdentifier
(with legacy cell reselection:
RtHopxidentifier is used to specify what HOP HOPL
parameter sets are send in SIB11. AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec ADJG
AdjLQrxlevminEUTRA RtHopgidentifier
NrtHopxidentifier is used to specify what HOP AdjLThreshigh
parameter sets are send in SIB12) AdjLThreslow
AdjLQqualminEUTRA
AdjLThreshigh2 RAN2067 ADJL
AdjLThreslow2 AdjLEARFCN
RAN3069 AdjLMeasBw
HopLIdentifier
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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Priority based cell reselection APR towards GSM/WCDMA (RAN2881)

Scope: APR Enabled

WCDMACellReselection (WCEL) Enables the absolute priority 500
based WCDMA inter-frequency cell reselection for idle and 400 62
57 3088
connected mode (Cell_PCH, URA_PCH) UEs. 300
150 10613
200

# WCEL
100 150 89 10589
GSMCellReselection(WCEL) Enables the absolute priority- 0 1 89
10564
1 3 115
based GSM cell reselection for idle and connected mode 0 3 4
89
4
(Cell_PCH, URA_PCH) UEs. 1
0
0
3 4 AbsPrioCellReselec
1
0 1 WCDMACellReselec
1
LTECellReselection (WCEL) is always used towards LTE LTECellReselection
GSMcellReselection

Observation:

APR towards WCDMA/GSM is new feature which require

3GPP Rel8 compliant UE.

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
How to check priorities when ARP is in use

• Some WCEL parameters added to ADJI, ADJL and ADJG tables LTE

WCEL parameters ADJI ADJG ADJL

LTE

UARFCN x x x
10613 - 4
AbsPrioCellReselec x x x
WCDMACellReselection x 10589 - 4

GSMCellReselection x 10564 - 4

LTECellReselection x
3088 - 3
• From HOPx we can check AdjxAbsPrioCellReselec
• Next two slides show how to check GSM and WCDMA priorities, LTE GSM
priorities later in LTE cell reselection part.

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
WCDMA Priorities

Scope: Data is filtered to show only cells with

WCDMACellReselection enabled
AbsPrioCellReselec (WCEL) is priority of the current UMTS
cells. HOPI identifier and Priorities for APR
AdjiAbsPrioCellReselec (HOPI) in RT hopi defines adjacent 800
WCDMA cell priority. 700
600
Only cells with WCDMACellReselection (WCEL) =1 need to 500

be checked 400
10613
718

# ADJI
300 10589
89
Observation: 200
89
10564
3088
100 89
89 89
0 3 89 159 94
89
RT HOPI id 5, 17, 32, 70, 91 and 94 used for cells with 5 70 91
89 89 89 89
205
5
WCDMACellReselection enabled 3
3088
17
4
94 5 17 5 RTHopiIdentifier
4 17 32
10564
10589 4 AbsPriorityCellReselec
10613
Frequency 3088 is having own cell priority 3 – All HOPIs UARFCN
having higher priority 4 towards higher band layers.
Frequencies 10564, 10589 and 10613 own cell priority is 4 –
Hopi 17 used towards lower band (3088) with priority 3.

Nokia Internal Use

34 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy Data is filtered to show only cells with
GSM Priorities GSMCellReselection enabled

Scope: HOPI & Priorities for APR

AbsPrioCellReselec (WCEL) is priority of the current UMTS 900

800
cells. 700
AdjgAbsPrioCellReselec (HOPG) in RT HOPG defines adjacent 600
500
GSM cell priority. 400 832

# ADJG
300
200
Only cells with GSMCellReselection (WCEL) =1 need to be 100 143
checked 0 125
3 7
2 3
4
Observation: 3088
70
2 4
70
AbsPrioCellReselec
10564 RTHopgIdentifier

RT HOPG id 2 and 70 used for cells with GSM CellReselection UARFCN

enabled

GSM neighbors exist in 3088 and 10564 layer, 3088 own cell
priority is 3 and 10564 own cell priority is 4. GSM neighbors are
always having lower priority.

Nokia Internal Use

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Absolute Priority Based Cell Reselection
RU50 new Cell reselection features
• RAN2881 WCDMA and GSM layering priorities
• RAN3069 RSRQ based LTE cell reselection
Both require UE support

• Cell reselection towards higher priority layer is attempted when the

a) Srxlevnon-servingCell > AdjxThreshigh (HOPx) (RAN2067 and RAN2881)
OR
b) Squalnon-servingCell > AdjLThreshigh2 (HOPL) (RAN3069)
by at least Treselection/TreselectionPCH time

• Quality criteria is applicable only to LTE neighbors as 3GPP SIB19 does not include the quality thresholds
for Inter-frequency WCDMA layers.
• RAN3069 RSRQ based LTE reselection

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36 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Absolute Priority Based Cell Reselection
• Lower/Equal priority layers are measured when current cell signal is below/equal to Sprioritysearch1 or quality is
below/equal to Sprioritysearch2.

• Equal priority Inter-Frequency Cell is reselected when:

a) SrxlevservingCell < Threshservlow (WCEL) AND
b) Srxlevnon-servingCell > AdjiThreslow (HOPI)

• Lower Priority layers (Inter-freq/Inter-syst) are reselected when

a) SrxlevservingCell < Threshservlow (WCEL) AND
b) Srxlevnon-servingCell > AdjxThreslow (HOPx)
• OR

a) SqualservingCell < Threshservlow2 (WCEL) AND Quality criteria is applicable only to LTE neighbors
b) Squalnon-servingCell > AdjLThreslow2 (HOPL)

by at least Treselection/TreselectionPCH time

37 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Absolute Priority Based Cell Reselection
• When UE is in Idle model or CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, it is responsible of the
evaluation of the quality of the serving cell and the neighbor cells (TS25.304) and for performing a cell re-
selection procedure if needed.
• The quality of a WCDMA cell is measured by two measures called Squal and Srxlev, only Srxlev is used for
GSM cells.
• Squal for LTE cells is included to RAN3069
SrxlevservingCell=RSCPP-CPICH _ServingCell – WCEL:QrxlevMin

Srxlevnon-serving,FDD=RSCPP-CPICH_non-ServingCell ,FDD – HOPI:AdjiQrxlevminFDD

Srxlevnon-serving,LTE=RSRPnon-ServingCell ,LTE – HOPL:AdjLQrxlevminEUTRA

Srxlevnon-serving,GSM=RXLEVnon-ServingCell _GSM – HOPG:AdjgQrxlevmin

SqualServingCell=Ec/NoP-CPICH_ServingCell – WCEL:QqualMin

Squalnon-serving,FDD=Ec/NoP-CPICH_nonServingCell,FDD – HOPI:AdjiQqualminFDD

Squalnon-serving,LTE=RSQRnonServingCell,LTE – HOPL:AdjLQqualminEUTRA

38 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Absolute Priority Based Cell Reselection example
Sprioritysearch1/2

Scope:

Lower/Equal priority layers are measured when current cell SprioritySearch

signal is below/equal to Sprioritysearch1 or quality is
below/equal to Sprioritysearch2. 500

Sprioritysearch1 (WCEL) specifies the value of Srxlev 400 62

57
Sprioritysearch2 (WCEL) specifies the value of Squal 300
115 3088
150
Applicable on for cells having ARP active 200
89 10613

# WCEL
100
150 89 10589
1
0
Observation: 8
3 89 10564
2 7
4 8 SprioritySearch1
0 2 8
Sprioritysearch1 default value 14 1
0
0 2
1
SprioritySearch2
1 WCDMACellReselec
1
LTECellReselection
Sprioritysearch2 default value 4 GSMcellReselection

Nokia Internal Use

39 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Absolute Priority Based Cell Reselection
ThresholdservingLow
Cell reselection towards equal/lower priority cell
450
Scope: 400 62
350
57
300
Threshservlow (WCEL) specifies the limit for Srxlev in the 250
150 3088
200
serving cell below which the UE may perform cell reselection 150 89 10613
to a cell on a lower (or equal inter-frequency) absolute priority 100

#WCEL
150
50 89 10589
layer. 0 1
1 3 112
3 89 10564
Threshservlow2 (WCEL) specifies the limit for Squal in the 0 1 5 5
0 0
serving cell below which the UE may perform cell reselection 0 0
0
3 5 Threshservlow
1 0
to a cell on an equal or lower absolute priority 0 1
1 Threshservlow2

layer.Threshserving,low2 IE has a mandatory default value 0 1 WCDMACellReselec

LTECellReselection
dB. If the value of the WCEL-Threshservlow2 parameter is 0 GSMcellReselection
dB, Threshserving,low2 IE is not broadcast in SIB19.

Observation:

Higher band is using threshservlow value of 5 (10 dB)

Lower band (3088) is using threshservlow value of 3 (6dB)
Threshservlow2 is set to 0 (not broadcast in SIB19)

Nokia Internal Use

40 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Hierarchical Cell Structure - HCS
Use of HCS Use OF HCS

Scope:
900
UseOfHCS (WCEL) indicates whether the serving cell belongs 800
178

to a Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS), or not. 700

600
150
3088
500 243
10613

WCEL
400
HCS cannot be used simultaneously with APR and vise versa 300 243
10589
200 10564
100
Observation: 0

0
HCS is not used

HCS can be used to distribute traffic between the layers.

Factors such as UE mobility affect cell re-selections
performance.

HCS is poorly supported by many types of mobile stations

Nokia Internal Use

41 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Layering in RRC Connection Release

Scope: LayeringRRCRelEnabled

LayeringRRCRelEnabled (WCEL) enables Layering in RRC

Connection Release feature.
LayeringRRCConnRelTargFreq (WCEL) defines target 1600
10698
395
frequencies and frequency ranges. This is structure parameter 1400 10673

# WCEL
1200 400
and up to 8 different frequencies can be defined. 1000
10648
3000
TargetFrequency defines the target frequency for layering in RRC 800 400
600
Connection 400 333
200
0
Observation:
0

Layering in RRC Connection is not used, disabled (0) in all cells

No target frequency defined.

Nokia Internal Use

42 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Content

Cell Re-selection and Neighbor Strategy

- Cell re-selection and neighbor definition strategy
- Cell re-selection performance monitoring
- Configuration examples and neighbor checks
- Parameter configuration
- Priority based cell re-celection
- WCDMA WCDMA
- WCDMA LTE
- WCDMA GSM

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection Parameter – WCDMA/WCDMA

The configuration of the RSCP threshold for Inter-frequency measurement criteria and ranking should be considered in
areas with high HSDPA activity in order to prevent ping-ping effect between layers.

• SsearchHCS parameter can be used to define RSCP threshold for the Inter-frequency neighbor measurement (even without HCS).
• Definition of different threshold (SintersearchConn, SsearchHCSConn) is possible for cell-reselection measurements in
connected mode (CELL_PCH, URA_PCH states). The use of these separate values requires activation of SIB4 transmission with
SIB4Indicator parameter.
• Same measurement criteria can be used in both idle and connected mode.

The WCDMA cell ranking can be change to RSCP based with the CellSelQualMeas parameter.

• Usage of different hysteresis value for IDLE and Connected mode is recommended. It is recommended to use Higher value in
connected mode (4-6 dB). This requires activation of SIB4 transmission with SIB4Indicator parameter.

• RT HOPI parameter set is used for all idle mode UE’s, while NRT HOPI is used for UE’s in connected mode (PCH). It is possible
to use negative AdjiQoffset to favour certain layer or cell.

Nokia Internal Use

44 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Content

Cell Re-selection and Neighbor Strategy

- Cell re-selection and neighbor definition strategy
- Cell re-selection performance monitoring
- Configuration examples and neighbor checks
- Parameter configuration
- Priority based cell re-celection
- WCDMA WCDMA
- WCDMA LTE
- WCDMA GSM

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection between WCDMA and LTE

Absolute Priority based cell reselection is used towards LTE. High priority layers are measured always and will be reselected
even when the coverage of currently camped layer is good.

UE has to measure the LTE continuously (interval 60 sec times the number of LTE neighbor carriers) when there is a defined
neighboring LTE layer with higher priority than the serving cell (AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec > AbsPrioCellReselec) NOTE:
These parameters are not allowed to have same value.

UE has to be able to identify the LTE cells available in the given LTE carrier without explicit neighbor identity information
(neighbor list). In ADJL object the LTE frequency and bandwidth is defined only.

Smart LTE layering (RU40) or Measurement based LTE layering (RU50) can be also used to move UE back to LTE.

46 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Blue= RSRQ based LTE
Cell Reselection between WCDMA and LTE reselection (RU50) parameters
Absolute priority-based reselection (APR) is standardized by 3GPP Rel-8 TS25.304. SIB19 (parameter default value shown)
• Priorities are set for different RATs and communicated to UE via SIB 19 message. UTRA Priority Info
• Threshservlow 2dB
High priority layers are measured always and will be reselected even when coverage of
Threshservlow2 0dB
currently camped layer is good. Sprioritysearch1 14dB
Sprioritysearch2 4 dB
RAN2067 LTE interworking provides absolute priority based cell reselection from WCDMA AbsPrioCellReselec 0
to LTE
- Priorities between different RATs only
EUTRA Priority Info List
- RAN3069 RSRQ based LTE Reselection is upgrade to RAN2067 LTE interworking
feature including quality thresholds for LTE priority based cell reselections. The Rel9
Quality thresholds included UTRA serving cell EcNo thresholds and E-UTRA EUTRA layer 1
neighbor cell RSRQ quality thresholds AdjLEARFCN 1401
AdjLMeasBw 50
AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec 1
AdjLQrxlevminEUTRA -130dBm
AdjLQqualMinEUTRA -35dB
WCDMA AdjLThreshigh 18dB
• RAN2067 LTE Interworking RU20 SIB3 AdjLThreslow 4dB
• RAN3069 RSRQ Based LTE Reselection RU50 AdjLThreshigh2 32dB
• RAN2881 WCDMA & GSM Layer Priorities RU50 SIB4 AdjLThreslow2 32dB
LTE
• LTE762 Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA RL10 QqualMin -18dB
• LTE1036 RSRQ Based Cell Reselection RL50 QrxlevMin -115dBm
Treselection 2s
TreselectionPCH 2s

47 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection between WCDMA and LTE - Example
In 3G, UE is able to perform Inter-system measurements in Cell_PCH/URA_PCH and Idle state
• Example below show 4 different cases after CS call released. Blue line show RRC State, straight line show technology
1. CS call is released, and UE goes directly to Idle mode
2. CS call is released, but there is HSPA also so UE goes first to Cell_FACH and then to Cell_PCH
3. CS call is released, but there is HSPA also - > state transition directly to Cell_PCH
4. CS call is released, UE goes directly to Cell_PCH, but don’t have time to complete measurement before back to Cell_FACH.

• Most of cases trigger from Cell_PCH state because WAC/MSActivitySupervision=16 min

• How fast UE is able to reselect back to LTE after Voice call depends on also how fast UE goes to Cell_PCH state

48 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Inter-System Cell reselection towards LTE LTECellReselection Enabled
Activation & Neighbors
Scope:
549
2500 3088
Inter-system cell reselections are enabled by activating 2000
425

# WCEL
10613
RAN2067 LTE interworking with LTECellReselection (WCEL) 1500
749

parameter and by creating ADJL neighbors towards LTE 1000 749 10589
500
cells. Cell reselection info is broadcasted in SIB19 when 0
10564

LTECellReselection is enabled.
1

Observation: ADJL

LTE Cell reselection is enabled in all cells 1000 78

800
342 10613
Two LTE Neighbors exist, towards 6300 and 1700 600 99

# ADJL
10589
343 171
frequencies. 400
171 10564
200 119
195 3088
0
Cell reselection is enabled in all cells and neighbors defined
1700
towards two LTE carriers 1 6300
AdjLEARFCN
2
ADJL
AdJLEARFCN and ADJL

Nokia Internal Use

49 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Inter-System Cell reselection towards LTE
HOPLIdentifier
Priority settings example
Scope: 350
300
250
AbsPrioCellReselec (WCEL) is priority of the current UMTS 200
150 343
cells. 342

#ADJL
100 195
119
AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec (HOPL) defines LTE cell priority 50 171
171
1700 6300
0
(cannot have same value) 0
78 99
0 0
1 2 0
1 0 0
3088 2 0
Observation: 10564 1
10589
2 1
AbsPrioCellReselect
2
0
HOPLIdentifier
10613
UARFCN
Each WCEL is using AbsPrioCellReselec value 0

HOPL id’s 1 and 2 used

HOPL id s 1, AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec = 7 HOPL AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec
HOPL id s 2, AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec = 6 1 7
2 6

Nokia Internal Use

50 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Inter-System Cell reselection towards LTE
Re-selection thresholds
Scope:

Cell reselection from 3G to LTE is attempted when the RSRP exceeds AdjLQrxLevminEUTRA +AdjLThreshigh (SIB19)
on treselection/treselectioPCH time (SIB3/SIB4)
TreselectionPCH used only if SIB4Indication is 1

Observation:

HOPLidentifiers 1 and 4 used.

• HOPLidentifier 1 used towards 37970 frequency
• HOPLidentifier 4 used towards 1924 frequency

Parameter settings should provide enough hysteresis to protect from ping pong between 3G and LTE networks (settings
on LTE side should be taken into account)

Nokia Internal Use

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Content

Cell Re-selection and Neighbor Strategy

- Cell re-selection and neighbor definition strategy
- Cell re-selection performance monitoring
- Configuration examples and neighbor checks
- Parameter configuration
- Priority based cell re-celection
- WCDMA WCDMA
- WCDMA LTE
- WCDMA GSM

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Cell Reselection between WCDMA - GSM

SHCS_RAT parameter can be used to define a RSCP threshold for the GSM inter-RAT neighbor measurements (even
without HCS). Ssearch_RAT is for EcNo.

• When GSM cell(s) are ranked with WCDMA cells, the cell ranking is always based on RSCP/GSM_RSSI

• The WCDMA -> GSM re-selection parameters have to be planned in respect to the GSM --> WCDMA parameter settings to avoid
Ping Pong

• Prior to RU50 The absolute priority based cell reselection is utilised only for cell reselection to LTE cell. In case of inter-
frequency cell reselection and inter-RAT cell reselection to GSM, the existing cell reselection procedures are used.

• RAN2881 WCDMA/GSM absolute priorities is RU50 feature and require Rel8 3GPP Rel-8 compliant UE.

Nokia Internal Use

53 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Inter-System Cell reselection GSM
How to avoid Ping Pong

• When phone is camped on 3G, GSM measurements can start when CPICH Ec/Io of serving cell is below Ssearch_RAT +
QqualMin.
• When phone is camped on GSM, cell reselection to 3G is possible if CPICH Ec/Io of the candidate is above FDD_Qmin.
• Therefore, to avoid ping pongs between 3G and GSM the following condition should be met:

FDD_Qmin >= QqualMin+Ssearch_RAT (by at least 4db)

CPICH Ec/Io

FDD_Qmin >= -12 dB

QqualMin +Ssearch_RAT
Ssearch_RAT=4 dB

QqualMin=-18 dB

Nokia Internal Use

54 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Inter-System Cell reselection GSM

How to avoid Ping Pong

Scope:
Before Rel. 5
fddRscpMin – can be applied for 3GPP rel. 5 UE’s or newer ping-pong
in order to check minimum signal level requirement CPICH possible
RSCP in their cell reselection algorithm from GSM to
WCDMA E.g. mobile selects
WCDMA based on RSCP too low => sync
Good Ec/No fails. Reselect GSM
Observation:
3G 3G
Parameter is configured in BSS with GSM to WCDMA
Advanced Cell Reselection feature.
2G 2G

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Ssearch_RAT & SHCS_RAT
Inter-System Cell reselection - GSM
Measurement Criteria 2000
10698
Scope: 1500
392 10673

# WCEL
1000 397
10648
SHCS_RAT parameter can be used to define a RSCP 500
36
397
3000
326
threshold for the GSM inter-RAT neighbor measurements 0
1
(even without HCS). Ssearch_RAT is for EcNo. -1
0 -1
Definition of different threshold (Ssearch_RATConn, 1 -1
3 SHCS_RAT
SHCS_RATConn) is possible for cell-reselection Ssearch_RAT
measurements in connected mode (CELL_PCH, URA_PCH
states). The use of these separate values requires activation
of SIB4 transmission with SIB4Indicator parameter. Ssearch_RATConn & SHCS_RATConn

Observation: 1200
Cells with
1000
287 SIB4Indication = 1
10698
800 292
There are only few WCELs with SIB4Indication=1, no 600
292
10673

separate parameters used for IDLE and Connected mode 400 10648

# WCEL
297 105
200 102
(PCH). 0
102
36
3000
3
-1 3
1 -1
Most of the cells are using Ssearch_RAT with value 1 0
2 -1
1 -1
SHCS_RATConn
2
1 Ssearch_RATConn
SIB4Indicator

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Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Inter-System Cell reselection - GSM
Ranking
Scope:

When GSM cell(s) are ranked with WCDMA cells, Qhyst1 & QhystPCH1
the cell ranking is always based on
800
RSCP/GSM_RSSI Qhyst1 and Qhyst1PCH used 700 159

even when CellSelQualMeas is set to EcNo. 600

500
161 10698
400 161 10673
 Rs  RSCPmeas , s  Qhyst1 300
R  criteria RSCP, RSSI  :  105

# WCEL
200 296 10648
 Rn  GSM _ RSSI meas ,n  Qoffset1
102
100
102 43 66
0 3 36 45 3000
16
16
16 67
1 48 64
Observation: 2
1
7 0 2
3 3
4 7
2 0 7QhystPCH1
0 2
There are only few WCELs with SIB4Indication=1, no 1 Qhyst1

separate parameters used for IDLE and Connected mode SIB4Indicator

(PCH).

57 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

Cell reselection and neighbor strategy
Inter-System Cell reselection - GSM
HopgIdentifiers & Qoffset1
Scope:
Rt/Nrt HopgIdentifiers
RtHopgIdentifier is used to specify what HOP parameter sets
are send in SIB11. NrtHopgIdentifier is used to specify what
20000
HOP parameter sets are send in SIB12. 18000
AdjgQoffset1 (HOPG) is used in the cell re-selection and 16000
14000
ranking between WCDMA and GSM cells. 12000
18027
10000

# Adjg
8000

Observation: 6000
4000
2000
0 1528
HOPG 1 is used for RT and HOPG 3 for NRT. Both having
3
same AdjgQoffset1 and AdjgQrxlevMin parameter settings 1
(blank)
(blank) NRTHopgIdentifier
RTHopgIdentifier

58 RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017

RN37112EN16GLA0 © Nokia 2017