The Rock

Cycle
The Earth is made up of rock!
 There are 3 types of rock,
classified by how they are formed:

•Igneous
•Sedimentary
•Metamorphic
 Each of these three types of rock
can turn into any of the other types,
if exposed to the right conditions.
That’s why it’s called
The Rock Cycle!
The formation of the three rock types, through
Rock Cycle processes, happens in the earth’s crust.
 Igneous
• Igneous rocks are made from molten
rock (magma) from deep underground.
• Magma that cools underground forms
intrusive rocks; when it cools on the
surface (as lava), extrusive rocks form.
• Igneous rocks form in intense heat.
Igneous Rock
Igneous rocks are formed by magma and lava as it cools.
Igneous rocks form in two different ways.

 Rock that comes from lava cools very fast and can
either be very light and airy or the rocks can be glassy.

 Rocks that come from magma are formed under

ground. They are often times very hard and have
more colors.
 Sedimentary
• Sedimentary rocks form from eroded
pieces of minerals, rocks, and fossils.
• These particles, or sediments, build up
in layers through deposition.
• Sedimentary rocks form near the
surface, by time and pressure.
Sedimentary Rock

 Sedimentary rock is made when sediments (sand,

gravel, and dirt) are pressed together over time and
become a rock
 Sedimentary rock is formed in layers.
 Metamorphic
• Metamorphic rocks form when other
types of rocks change into new ones.
• They form deep underground.
• Metamorphic rocks require a lot of
time, heat and pressure to form.
Metamorphic Rock

 Metamorphic rocks are made from other rocks.

 Heat and pressure help change an igneous or
sedimentary rock into a new kind of rock (think
about how a caterpillar becomes a butterfly)
 Rocks are made up of matter—
like pretty much everything in the universe!
Matter is anything that has mass
and takes up space.

The three states of matter are:

solid, liquid, & gas.
 Matter can change
both physically and chemically.
Physical change – a reversible change, where the
appearance is altered, but composition stays the same.
Chemical change – an irreversible change that alters
the chemical makeup of a substance.

Energy is involved in any change in matter!