Final Earth Notes

Rocks are put into 3 groups: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic

Igneous rocks are formed when magma (molten rock) cools and solidifies. Also called
volcanic rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sediments
Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are changed by very high
temperature and/or pressure.
Soil is a mixture of particles of rock, dead animals and plants, water and air.
There are different types of soil which hold different amounts of water. The three main
types of soil are: Clay, loam and sandy soil.

How are igneous rocks formed?

Magma is underground so it cools slowly and forms an igneous rock with large
crystals. Lava is aboveground so it cools quickly and form an igneous rock with
small crystals.
Granite is an igneous rock with large crystals. Basalt is an igneous rock with small
crystals.

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Rocks formed from layers of sediments deposited by water, wind, or ice.
They are formed when other rocks are broken down into smaller pieces and are
transported by water, wind, or ice. When the pieces of rock stop moving, they are
deposited (dropped) as sediment. As more and more sediments are dropped, layers
start to form. The weight of sediments compresses (squashes) the layers below so
any water is squeezed out. Then chemicals form that hold the sediments particles
together and layers gradually turn into sediment rocks.

Final Earth Notes 1

 What are metaphoric rocks?
They are made when sedimentary or igneous rocks are changed over many
thousands of years by very high temperatures or very high pressure (squeezing) or
both.

Important Facts for Objective.

Metamorphic rocks are Slate and Marble.
Igneous rocks (volcanic rocks) are Granite, Basalt, and Pumice
Sedimentary rocks are Limestone and mudstone. Sedimentary rocks contain fossils.

The Earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago.

Bacteria was the first life form on earth.
The radius of the Earth is about 6400 km.
The Himalaya Mountains are getting 1 cm taller every year.
Earth has four layers (Inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust)
The crust’s thickness varies from 7km to 70km deep.
The core of the earth is made up of mostly iron and nickel.

Final Earth Notes 2