Lesson 4

DATA
MANAGEMENT
Lesson Coverage
◦ Basic Statistical Concepts
◦ Measures of Central Tendency
◦ Measures of Dispersion
◦ Measures of Relative Position
◦ Probability and the Normal Distribution
◦ Correlation and Linear Regression
◦ Chi-square
MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
Lesson Coverage 2
Measure of Central Tendency
A measure of central tendency is a
summary statistic that represents the center
point or typical value of a data set.
The measures of central tendency are the
mean, median, and mode.
Mean
◦ Arithmetic Mean - the most common measure of
central tendency. It is simply the sum of the all
scores divided by the number of scores.

◦ Weighted Mean – a variation of mean that assigns

weights to the individual scores before getting the
average.
 Arithmetic Mean ()

Example:

𝑥4 𝑥1 𝑥7 𝑥5 𝑥6 𝑥3 𝑥2
Arithmetic Mean ()

𝑥 4 +¿ 𝑥1 +¿ 𝑥7 +¿ 𝑥5 +¿ 𝑥6 +¿ 𝑥3 +¿ 𝑥2

7
Example: Consider the data set of the
ages of the seven players in a basketball
team. Solve for the measures of central
tendency.
24 22 21 20 21 25 21
24 22 21 20 21 25 21

24 +22+21+…+21
¿
7
154
¿
7
 Weighted Mean ()

Example:

𝑥4 𝑥1 𝑥7 𝑥5 𝑥6 𝑥3 𝑥2
Weighted Mean ()
𝑥4 𝑥1 𝑥7 𝑥5 𝑥6 𝑥3 𝑥2
×𝑤 4 ×𝑤1 ×𝑤7 ×𝑤5 ×𝑤 6 ×𝑤 3 ×𝑤 2

𝑤4 𝑥 4 +¿ 𝑤1 𝑥 1 +¿ 𝑤7 𝑥7 +¿ 𝑤5 𝑥 5 +¿ 𝑤6 𝑥 6 +¿ 𝑤3 𝑥3 +¿ 𝑤2 𝑥 2

𝒘 𝟒 +𝒘 𝟏 +𝒘 𝟕 +𝒘 𝟓 +𝒘 𝟔+ 𝒘 𝟑+ 𝒘 𝟐
Example: Consider the data set of
the grades and credit units of a
certain student. Compute the
average.
Grades 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.2
Credit Units 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0
 Grades 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.2
Credit Units 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 19.0
Product 7.5 4.2 6.0 5.1 5.7 2.4 30.9

7.5+ 4.2+6.0+ …+2.4

¿
5.0+3.0+3.0+ …+2.0
30.9
¿
19.0
 Median ()
◦ The median is the midpoint of a distribution:
the same number of scores is above the median
as below it. The data should be arranged in
numerical order.
where: is the total number of scores in the data set
NOTE: The result is just the location.
You still have to find the value
Median ()
𝑥4 𝑥1 𝑥7 𝑥5 𝑥6 𝑥3 𝑥2

Note: Do not forget to arrange the

data set in numerical order
 Median ()

𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥5 𝑥6 𝑥7

Using the formula:

This suggests
𝑛+1 7 +1 8 that the fourth
loc ( 𝑀𝑑 )= ¿
2 2
¿
2 ¿4 value will be
the median
 Median ()

𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥5 𝑥6 𝑥7 𝑥8

Using the formula: This suggests

that the median
𝑛+1 8+1 9 is the average
loc ( 𝑀𝑑 )= ¿
2 2
¿
2 ¿ 4.5 of the fourth
and the fifth
values
Example: Consider the data set of the
ages of the seven players in a basketball
team. What will be the median?
20 21 21 21 22 24 25
 𝑴𝒅=𝟐𝟏

20 21 21 21 22 24 25 29

𝑴𝒅=𝟐𝟏. 𝟓
Example: Consider the data set of the
ages of the seven players in a basketball
team. What will be the median?
20 21 21 21 22 24 25
Using the formula:
This suggests that
𝑛+1 7 +1 8 the median is the
loc ( 𝑀𝑑 )=
2
¿
2
¿
2 ¿4 fourth values which
is 21.
 Mode ()
◦ the most frequently occurring value.
NOTE: Just identify the value that is occurring the most.
If the mode is just one number, it is unimodal.
If the mode are two numbers, they are bimodal.
If the mode are three numbers, they are trimodal.
If the mode are plenty, they are multimodal.
If there are no repeating numbers,
then the data set has NO MODE.
Mode ()

𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥5 𝑥1 𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥2

𝑴𝒐= 𝒙𝟑
Mode ()

𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥5

𝑴𝒐= 𝒙𝟑
Example: Consider the data set of
the ages of the seven players in a
basketball team. Solve for the
measures of central tendency.
20 21 21 21 22 24 25

𝑴𝒐=𝟐𝟏
 20 21 21 21 22 24 25

Answers:
Let’s Do These:
Find the mean, median, and the
mode of the given data sets.
(Round off answers in one decimal place) Mean Median Mode

a. 2, 4, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7 5.6 6 7

b. 5, 3, 4, 7, 5, 4 4.7 4.5 4 and 5

c. 3, 4, 7, 3, 5, 2, 6, 10 5 4.5 3

d. 108, 99, 114, 111, 108 108 108 108

e. 21, 30, 23, 16, 24, 28, 15, 21.9 22 No Mode

Let’s Do This:
The data shows the number of touchdown
(TD) passes thrown by each of the 31
teams in the National Football League in
the 2000 season.
37 33 33 32 29 28 28 23
22 22 22 21 21 21 20 20
19 19 18 18 18 18 16 15
14 14 14 12 12 9 6
Answers:
MEASURES
OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
ARVIN B. SALERA, LPT, M.Ed. Math
Lesson Coverage 2 Instructor