Body Landmarks

Body Landmarks
 When measuring the body for
apparel design and production, it is
necessary to have a few key points
for which to measure to and from.
 These points are called “Body
Landmarks”.
 Types of body landmarks!
 There
are two type of body
landmarks

– Actual points of the body

– Horizontal circumferences around the
body
 Body Landmarks..
1. Top of the head: The
crown of the head
2. C.F. neck (Center front
neck): The hollow “pit of
the neck” located between
the clavicles at the base
of the front neck
3. C.B. neck: The bone at
the base of the neck that
protrudes when you tilt
your head forward
 Body Landmarks..
4. H.P.S. (High point
of shoulder): The
point where shoulder
meets the neck at
the base of the side
of the neck,
5. Shoulder: The point
where clavicle (Collar
bone) ends
6. Bust / Chest: The
circumference of the
fullest part at torso
above waist.
 Body Landmarks..
7. Waist: The
circumference of the
narrowest part of the
body at torso
8. Hips: The circumference
of the widest part of the
body at torso below
waist
9. Crotch: The base of the
torso at its center point
between the legs
 Body Landmarks..
10. Knee: The horizontal
line which goes over
the protruding bone
at the inside of the
knee and across the
kneecap.
11. Ankle: The
horizontal line that
goes across the
inside ankle’s most
prominent point
12. Floor: The soles of
the feet
 Measurements…
 Once you know the key body
landmarks, you can use those and
other body points to measure all of
the body dimensions appropriate for
your market.
 Key points…
 Model should be undressed
 Model should wearing only
undergarments
 Undergarment should be very simple

 Shoe should be off

 Model should be standing straight

 Infants should be laying straight

 Breathing should be normal

 Horizontal measurements should be

taken by a measurement tape
 Key points…
 Use a measuring stick for vertical
measurements
 Measurement tape should be flat on
the body
 Tape can’t be used for neck and
armhole curves
 A cord may be used for these two
measurements
Human Body Shape…
 Measurements….
 There are two type of
measurements
– Linear measurements
 Horizontal

 Vertical

– Circular measurements
– Curvical measurements
 Horizontal Measurements…
 Midriff: The circumference
along the top of the
diaphragm just under the
bust
 High Hip: The
circumference around the
upper part of the hips and
across the fullest part of the
abdomen area.
 Horizontal Measurements…
 Mid neck: The
circumference of the
neck measuring along
the horizontal line that
is 1” up from H.P.S.
 Neck at base: The
circumference around
the base of the neck.
(C.B - H.P.S. - C.F. –
H.P.S. – C.B.)
 Horizontal Measurements…
 Cross Shoulder:
Horizontal distance
between the two
shoulder points
 Side Shoulder:
Distance from H.P.S to
shoulder point
 Shoulder slope:
 Horizontal Measurements…
 Cross front:
Horizontal distance
from armhole to
armhole. Take
measurement halfway
between the shoulder
and armpit. ( about 3”
from C.F)
 Cross back:
Horizontal distance
from armhole to
armhole. Take
measurement halfway
between the shoulder
and armpit. ( about 4”
from C.B)
 Horizontal Measurements…
 Bicep: The widest part of
upper arm (Midpoint of
shoulder and elbow)
 Elbow: The circumference
measured when the
forearm is bent so that it is
at 90 degree with upper
arm
 Wrist: The circumference
of wrist.
 Horizontal Measurements…
 Thigh: Circumference
around the widest part of
thigh, just below crotch
 Knee: Circumference
around the protruding bone
of knee.
 Calf: Circumference around
the widest part of calf
 Ankle: Around the
protruding bone
 Horizontal Measurements…
 Seat spread: The
circumference, while sitting,
around the widest part of
thighs. Measure while
model is seated with feet
flat on floor and ankles
touching each other.
 Vertical Measurements…
 Head Circumference:
Circumference of widest
part of head. Usually at the
brows and just above the
ears.
 Height
 C.B. neck height
 Waist height
 Hip height
 Crotch height
 Knee height
 Ankle height
 Vertical Measurements…
 Total torso:
Circumference of torso
(Mid of shoulder –
crotch – mid of
shoulder)
 Crotch length:
Distance from waist
line at center front to
the waist line and
center back
 Vertical Measurements…
 Waist to hip
 Waist to knee

 Waist to ankle

 Crotch to ankle
 Vertical Measurements…
 Upper arm length:
Distance from shoulder
to the elbow bone.
Measure with arm bent
at 90 degree.
 Forearm length:
Distance from elbow
joint to the wrist line
 Inside arm length:
Distance from armpit to
the wrist line. Measure
with relaxed arm
 Vertical Measurements…
 Arm Length
– From shoulder
– From H.P.S.
– From C.B neck
 Vertical Measurements…
 C.F. neck to waist
 C.B. neck to waist
 Vertical Measurements…
 Side upper torso
 Bust points around neck

 Arm hole: