Media and Media Management

BY
LCdr RUWAN PREMAWEERA
B.A(SP)Econ, (J’Pura)PGD in W&Com , (J’Pura)
MA(Masscom)-(Kelaniya) Dip in IT(KDU)
(Writer & Journalist)

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 Objectives
01. Having a general idea on Mass communication

02. What is Mass Media

03. Categorization of Mass Media
04. How to behave Mass Media

05. Relationship between Mass Media and Society

06. What is Media Management

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 What is Media
In general, "media" refers to various means of
communication. For example, television, radio, and
the newspaper are different types of media. The term
can also be used as a collective noun for the press or
news reporting agencies.

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 Types of Media
Recording media, devices used to store information
Print media, communications delivered via paper or canvas
Electronic media, communications delivered via electronic or electromechanical
energy
Multimedia, communications that incorporate multiple forms of information
content and processing
Digital media, electronic media used to store, transmit, and receive digitized
information
Published media, any media made available to the public
Broadcast media, communications delivered over mass electronic communication
networks
News media, mass media focused on communicating news
Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising
Mass media, all means of mass communication
Social Media

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Communication and Media

Communication

Media

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 Definitions
01. Communication is the process of transferring information from a
sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the
communicated information is understood by both sender and receiver.
It is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several
methods(www.wikipedia.org)
 02. Communication is a term used to refer to any dynamic, information-
sharing process. (Clevenger, 1959)
03. A process involving the selection, production, and transmission of signs
in such a way as to help a receiver perceive a meaning similar to that in
the mind of the communicator. (Fotheringham, 1966)
04. It is a process, a series of progressive and interdependent steps leading
to the attainment of an end, in speech the end being the
communication of some specific meaning from one person to another.
(Bradley, 1974)

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 Communication

Verbal Non-verbal
Communication Communication

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 Communication

Animal Human
Communication Communication

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Four Forms of Communication
Intra Personal Communication

Inter Personal Communication

Group Communication

Mass Communication

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 1.Intra Personal Communication)

09/04/2022 Communication 10
 2.Inter Personal Communication

09/04/2022 Communication 11
 3.Group Communication

09/04/2022 Communication 12
 4.Mass Communication

09/04/2022 Communication 13
Objectives of Communication
From the view of Communicator

1. Furnish Information

2. Provide an Education

3. Provide an Entertainment

4. Persuade some process

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Objectives of Communication
From the view of Receiver

1. Getting Information

2. Getting an Education

3. Getting an Entertainment

4. Participating some process

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Relationship between objectives and
Process

1. Furnishing Information
2. Socialization
3. Making Public Opinion
4. Social Security
5. Entertainment
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Elements in the Communication Process
1. A Source
2. A Process of Encoding
3. A Massage
4. A Channel
5. A Process of Decoding
6. A Receiver
7. The Potential for Feedback
8. The Chance of Noise
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Transmitting the Massage

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 What is Mass Media
In the broadest sense of the world, a
medium is the channel through which a
massage travels from the source to the
receiver (“Medium” is singular, “Media” is
plural) When we talk about mass
communication, we also need channels to
carry the massage. Mass media use the
channel to carry the massage.

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 Mass Media

Print Media Electronic Media

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Print Media
News Papers
Magazines
Journals
Books
Handbills
Posters
Banners/ Cutouts
Pamphlets
Stickers
Paperback

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Electronic Media
Radio
Television
Films
Audio Tapes
CD/DVD
Colour Slides
Audio Visual Aids
Display Materials
Internet

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 Part -01

PRINT
MEDIA
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 24

Library
Structure of a News Agency

Proof Reading
Transport
Board of Directors
Director General

HRM
Department
Chairman

Finance
Production
Advertising
Circulation
Editorial Board
Structure of the Editorial Board
Editorial Consultant

Chief Editor Deputy Editor

News Desk Features Desk Sub Desk

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News Desk

Local News Division

Foreign News Division

Sports News Division

Photographers

Artists/ Cartoonists

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Features Desk

Features Editor

Feature Writers

Free Lance Journalists

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Sub Desk

Chief Sub Editor

Sub Editors

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Structure of the News Desk
News Editor

Group Correspondents
Local News Editor Special Correspondents
Area Correspondents

Foreign Reporters
Foreign News Editor Reuters/ AFP/
Internet/ Teleprinter
Cont...
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 Structure of the News Desk
Cont...

Sports News Editor Sports Reporters

Photo Editor Executive Photographers

Photographers

Chief Artist Artists

Chief Cartoonist Cartoonist

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Structure of a News Paper
News
Features
Columns
Editorials
Photographs/ Cartoons/ Drawings
Headlines
Lead News
Advertisements

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 News
WHAT IS NEWS?

The answer to the question "What is news?" may

seem obvious. News is what is new; it's what's
happening. Look it up in the dictionary, and you'll
find news described as "a report of recent events
or previously unknown information"

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 Definition of News
Dictionary of Canadian English
Something told as having just happened: information about something that has just happened or
will soon happen.
A report of a current happening or happenings in a newspaper, on television, radio, etc
Random House Dictionary
A report of a current event.
A report on current events in a newspaper or on radio or television.
Such reports taken collectively.
American Heritage Dictionary
Recent events and happenings.
A report about recent events.
New information.
Globe Modern Dictionary
A report of events as given each day by newspaper, radio, etc.
Information which was not known before.
Oxford Shorter Dictionary
New things, novelties (1565).
Tidings, new information of recent events; new occurrences as a subject of report or talk.
A newspaper.
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 Classifications
01. NEWS

Soft News Hard news

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 Classifications
Conti…..
02 News

News with urgent effects News with late effects

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Formulation For News
A+B+C=C

A = Accuracy
B = Balance
C = Clarity
C = Credibility

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 How To Write News
01. According to W-5 &H Theory

What
Why
Where AND How
Who
When

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 How To Write News
02. Inverted Pyramid Theory

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Ground Rules For News Writing
01. News should be True

02. News should not be Hate

03. News should be published for Public’s

Sake

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 Types of Reporting
01.General Reporting News in any where

02.Beats Reporting Police/Hospital/Court

Parliament/School/University

03.Specialities Reporting Defence/Transportation/

Power and Energy/
Education/Law
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 What is a Feature ?
A feature story (also known as a feature article) is an
article in a newspaper, a magazine, or a news website
that is not meant to report breaking news, but to take
an in-depth look at a subject. While there are no
precise guidelines on the differentiation between
features and news stories, features are often significantly
longer than news articles, are more likely to be written
from a personal perspective, and unlike news stories
do not always deal with the events of the immediate
past.

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 Part -02

ELECTRONIC
MEDIA

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 What is Electronic Media

Electronic media are media that utilize

electronics or electromechanical energy for
the end user (audience) to access the content.
This is in contrast to static media (mainly
print media), which are most often created
electronically, but don't require electronics to
be accessed by the end user in the printed
form
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 The Radio
Radio is the transmission of signals, by
modulation of electromagnetic waves
with frequencies below those of visible
light. Electromagnetic radiation travels
by means of oscillating electromagnetic
fields that pass through the air and the
vacuum of space.

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Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937)

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Structure of the Radio
1. Organization of the Radio industry
• Local Stations/ Nets
• SW/MW/FM
• Digital audio broadcasting
• Ownership
2. Producing radio programmes
• News
• Programmes
3. Economics in the radio
• Expenses/ Profits
• Competition
4. Profession of Radio

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 Television
Television is a widely used telecommunication
medium for sending (broadcasting) and receiving
moving images, either monochromatic ("black and
white") or color, usually accompanied by sound.
"Television" may also refer specifically to a television
set, television programming or television transmission.
The word is derived from mixed Latin and Greek roots,
meaning "far sight": Greek tele (τῆλε), far, and Latin
visio, sight

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John Logie Baird (1888-1948)
The Father?

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Structure of the Television Industry
1. Organization of the Television industry
• Production
• Distribution
• Exhibition
• Ownership

2. Producing Television programmes

• News
• Programmes (Recorded/Live)

3. Economics in the Television

• Expenses/ Profits
• Competition
• Commercial Time

4. Profession of Television
5. Cable Television/ Home Video systems/ Satellite Dishes
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 Cinema (Film/Movie)
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific
cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in
turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an
important art form, a source of popular
entertainment and a powerful method for
educating — or indoctrinating — citizens

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Pioneers of Motion Picture:
The Lumière Brothers

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 Part -03

Media
Management
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What is Management
01. Planning
02. Organizing
03. Developing
04. Leadership

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Formal Controls:
Laws

Rules

Regulations

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Informal Controls: Ethics, Codes, Self-
regulations, and External pressures
1. Personal Ethics
• Self-Criticism
• Professional Self-Regulation
2. Internal Controls
• Organizational Policy
• Organizational Standards
3. Outside Influences
• Economic Pressures
• Pressure Groups
• Press Council
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Mass Media Feedback Systems
1. Feedback: Print Media
• Letters to the Editor
2. Feedback: Radio
• Radio Audience responses
3. Feedback: Television and Film
• Television viewers responses
• Television ratings
• Questionnaires
• Film Industry Audience Responses
• Compiling Box-office Receipts
• Marketing researchers
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Common Complaints On Media
01. Inaccuracy
02. Arrogance
03. Disregard of Privacy
04. Insensibility
05. Discriminate to the Community
06. Glorification of the Un-useful
07. Bad writing and Bad editing
-Donald D. Johns

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 Types of Journalists
01. Journalists, with the people
01. Journalists, back to the people
03. Journalists, in front to the people

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 Ethics for Journalism & Mass Media
01. One who writes to a particular paper , not to write to
others
02. Not to steel or invade News
03. Not to mute News
04. Keep the respect to the human wisdom and justice
05. Obey to the common cords of society
06. Not to use ill language and keep the Grammar of
Language
07. Not to edit an article damaging its Core and Soul

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 How to Balance Mass Media
01. Keep the satisfaction of the Owner of the News
Agency
02. Keep the satisfaction of the Advertising Agency
03. Keep the satisfaction of the General Public

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Media in SLN
Constitution
Navy Act
Rules and Regulations
Memorandum
Right of Information Act
MOD Directions

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THANK YOU
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